Relationship between Clinical Uterine Findings, Therapy, and Fertility in the Mare

Scarlet, D.; Malama, Eleni; Fischer, Sophie; Knutti, B.; Bollwein, Heinrich

doi:10.3390/vetsci10040259

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Clinical examination and transrectal ultrasonography were performed twice per week to assess the estrous stage. All uterine specimens were collected in estrous based on the presence of an ovarian dominant follicle ≥30 mm in diameter, uterine edema (2°–4/5°), and decreased uterine tone [ 18 ]. The same experienced veterinarian performed all reproductive evaluations and sampling.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of cytobrush for bacteriological and cytological diagnosis of endometritis in mares

Prete,

Nocera,

Piegari

et al. 2024

Vet World

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Background and Aim: A combined microbial and cytological examination of uterine samples is the main diagnostic method for endometritis in mares. This study aimed to describe a procedure for using the same uterine cytobrush (CB) for both bacteriological and cytological evaluation. Materials and Methods: The procedure consists of rolling the CB onto a sterilized glass slide immediately after collection and before the transfer into a sterile saline solution. In Experiment 1, a comparison between bacteriological results of the cotton swab (CS) and CB or pellet was made in 10 mares; in Experiment 2, bacteriological and cytological results were compared between different processing methods of CB in 28 mares; in other 6 mares, a CB was processed for cytology only, to investigate the reasons for the low cellularity of the pellet. Results: The agreement between culture results from the CB and CS was evaluated, and a comparison between the cytological data obtained by different processing methods of CB was performed. The perfect agreement between the CB and CS microbiological results was found. The described procedure enables useful diagnostic smears for cytology. Moreover, the seeding of both the tip of CB and the saline solution used for the transport produced accurate bacteriological results. Conclusion: The protocol described in this study for the use of CB for both cytological and bacteriological analysis could be used for the diagnosis of endometritis. To maximize diagnostic sample quality, cytology slides must be prepared with meticulous care in the field to preserve cellular integrity and minimize artifacts. Keywords: endometritis, field conditions, mare, microbiology brush, uterine sampling.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of cytobrush for bacteriological and cytological diagnosis of endometritis in mares

Prete,

Nocera,

Piegari

et al. 2024

Vet World

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“…The mares were scanned as described in the relevant study sections. Briefly speaking, the mares in estrus were scanned every 12 hours until one-day post ovulation [ 45 , 46 ]. The pregnancy of the recipient mare (after ET) was checked on day 14, day 28, and day 45 of embryonic/fetal age through ultrasonography [ 47 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting the efficiency of equine embryo transfer (EET) in polo mares under subtropical conditions of Pakistan

Mahmood,

Ali Channa,

Ghafoor

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Equine embryo transfer (EET) is a prominent technology in the equine breeding industry, and its efficacy is affected by a number of factors. The current study aimed to determine the effects of the breed of donor/recipient mares, estrus/ovulation induction treatment, cooled transportation of embryos, and synchrony between donor and recipient mares on the efficiency of the EET under subtropical conditions of Pakistan. A total of eighty-four (n = 84) Polo-playing donor mares (Argentino-polo = 41 and Anglo-Arab = 43) and seventy (n = 70) recipient mares (light breed = 26 and heavy breed = 44) were used for EET. The donor mares exhibiting natural estrus (n = 28) were detected by teaser a stallion, and corpus luteum (CL) having mares (n = 56) were treated with prostaglandin (150 μg of Cloprostenol) for estrus induction. The mares’ follicular growth was monitored through ultrasonography until the dominant follicle’s size reached 35 mm or more with a moderate to obvious uterine edema score. Afterward, the mares were treated either with GnRH, i.e., 50 μg of Lecirelin acetate (n = 41) or Ovusyn, i.e., 1500 IU hCG (n = 43). Insemination with chilled semen was performed 24 hours later. The embryos were collected non-surgically, 7 or 8 days after ovulation, from the donor mares. The collected embryos were transferred into the well-synchronized recipient mares as fresh (n = 44) or chilled (n = 26) embryos. The pregnancy after ET was checked through ultrasonography. Statistical analysis revealed that the embryo recovery rate (ERR) remained significantly higher (P<0.05) for the Prostaglandin (PG) treated group of donors as compared to the natural heat group of donors. The breed of donor mares, type of ovulatory treatment given, and day of embryo collection did not significantly (P>0.05) affect the ERR. There was no significant effect of the type (fresh vs chilled), classification, and stage of development of embryo on pregnancy outcomes (P>0.05). ET pregnancy rate was significantly affected by the breed of recipient mares and ovulation synchrony between donor and recipient mares (P<0.05). In conclusion, under the subtropical conditions of Pakistan, PG-based estrus induction of donor mares, breed of recipient mares, and ovulation synchrony between the donor and recipient mares had a substantial effect on the efficiency of EET.

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“…On the other hand, given that all mares were free of reproductive and environmental problems [12] and, in addition, were in good body condition, the difference in pregnancy percentage is likely due to the timing of AI. Scarlet et al argue that to achieve optimal pregnancy rates, semen must be deposited between 12 hours before or 6 hours after ovulation [13], while Anna and Cuervo agree that pregnancy rates are higher in mares inseminated within 24 h before ovulation or before 16 h post-ovulation [14].…”

Section: Association Between Double Ovulation and Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine Embryo Production by Means of Double Ovulation Protocols in Colombian Creole Mares

Vargas,

Molano,

Romero

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Equine reproductive efficiency can be improved through the development of technologies such as embryo transfer, where the use of protocols that allow the presence of double ovulations can contribute to increasing the number of offspring per female per year. The objective was to evaluate the presence of double ovulation and embryos in Colombian Creole mares treated with deslorelin and histrelin. Twenty mares were taken and divided into 2 groups as follows: Treatment 1: 150 mg of deslorelin every 12 hours intramuscularly. Treatment 2: 80 mg of histrelin every 12 hours intramuscularly. In both treatments, the hormone was administered until two follicles with diameters greater than 35 mm were found to administer 2,000 U. I of human chorionic gonadotropin and were artificially inseminated 12 to 24 hours later with 300 million motile spermatozoa. Seven days after insemination, uterine lavage was performed to collect embryos. It was found that 60% of the females treated with histrelin presented double ovulation with a follicular diameter of 31.7 mm, and 8 mares had double embryos, while 45% of the mares treated with deslorelin presented double ovulation with a follicular diameter of 33 mm, and 5 mares had double embryos. An association between the presence of double ovulation and the presence of embryos was found in 45% of the mares treated with deslorelin. It is concluded that histrelin treatment presented better results in obtaining double ovulation in mares.

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Relationship between Clinical Uterine Findings, Therapy, and Fertility in the Mare

Cited by 9 publications

References 44 publications

Use of cytobrush for bacteriological and cytological diagnosis of endometritis in mares

Use of cytobrush for bacteriological and cytological diagnosis of endometritis in mares

Factors affecting the efficiency of equine embryo transfer (EET) in polo mares under subtropical conditions of Pakistan

Equine Embryo Production by Means of Double Ovulation Protocols in Colombian Creole Mares

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