Relationship between chemical composition and in situ rumen degradation characteristics of maize silages in dairy cows

Ali, Mohsin; Duinkerken, G. van; Cone, J.W.; Klop, A.; Blok, M.C.; Spek, J.W.; Bruinenberg, M.H.; Hendriks, W.H.

doi:10.1017/s1751731114001736

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…No maturity stage or hybrid-related effects were found on duodenal flows of ammonia N, microbial N, and nonammonia, nonmicrobial N, which accounted for 3.2, 64.4, and 32.4% of total N, respectively. Assuming that endogenous duodenal N flow accounted for 2.27 g of N/kg of DMI (Sauvant and Nozière, 2016), NtDR averaged 59%, which is in the range of values (54-80%) in a recent review (Ali et al, 2014) based on in situ degradability measurements. Rumen protein balance (RPB) is the difference between N intake and duodenal non-NH 3 -N. Assuming an endogenous duodenal N of 14.2 g of CP/kg of DMI (Sauvant and Nozière, 2016), a RPB close to −14 g/kg of DMI is expected when the rumen reaches an adequate net balance between energy and nitrogen.…”

Section: Ruminal Nitrogen Digestionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Fast starch fermentation has been shown to reduce ruminal pH, inhibit fiber digestibility, and thereby increase the risk of digestive disorders (Beauchemin and Yang, 2005). Studies exploring the variability of corn digestion in cattle have investigated the effects of genotype (Taylor and Allen, 2005;Verbic et al, 2005) and grain processing (Huntington, 1997;Johnson et al, 2002;Fernandez et al, 2004) on ruminal starch digestion measured in situ (Lopes et al, 2009;Ali et al, 2014) and in vitro (Tang et al, 2011;Opsi et al, 2013). However, most of the in vivo studies (Bal et al, 1997;Fernandez et al, 2004) available have focused on starch from concentrate-supplemented corn silage diets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of maturity and hybrid on ruminal and intestinal digestion of corn silage in dry cows

Peyrat

Baumont

Morvan

et al. 2016

Journal of Dairy Science

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of stage of maturity at harvest on extent of starch, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and protein digestion, and rumen fermentation in dry cows fed whole-plant corn silage from different hybrids. Four nonlactating Holstein cows cannulated at the rumen and proximal duodenum were fed 4 corn silages differing in hybrid (flint vs. flint-dent) and maturity stage (early vs. late) in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. From early to late maturity, starch content increased (from 234.5 to 348.5 g/kg), whereas total-tract (99.7 to 94.5%) and ruminal starch digestibility (91.3 to 86.5%) decreased significantly. The decrease in ruminal starch digestibility with increasing maturity was similar between hybrids. No effects were found of maturity, hybrid, or maturity × hybrid interaction on total-tract NDF digestibility, ruminal NDF digestibility, true digestibility of N and organic matter in the rumen, or microbial synthesis. Harvesting at later maturity led to increased ruminal ammonia, total volatile fatty acid concentrations, and acetate/propionate ratio but not pH. This study concludes that delaying date of harvest modifies the proportions of digestible starch and NDF supplied to cattle. Adjusting date of corn harvest to modulate amount of rumen-digested starch could be used as a strategy to control nutrient delivery to ruminants.

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Section: Ruminal Nitrogen Digestionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of maturity and hybrid on ruminal and intestinal digestion of corn silage in dry cows

Peyrat

Baumont

Morvan

et al. 2016

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…In addition, a greater number of different feedstuffs or diets can be evaluated simultaneously using both in vitro and in situ procedures. Several studies have evaluated degradability estimations from in situ and in vitro procedures (Krizsan et al ., 2012; Ali et al ., 2014; Krieg et al ., 2017). However, only a few studies have correlated the digestibility results from in situ or in vitro procedures with the values obtained by in vivo procedures (National Research Council, 2001; Ghoorchi et al ., 2013; Lopes et al ., 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ and in vitro techniques for estimating degradation parameters and digestibility of diets based on maize or sorghum

et al. 2020

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An experiment was conducted to evaluate: (1) the effects of ensiling maize or sorghum grains after reconstitution on readily soluble fraction (a), potentially degradable fraction in the rumen (b) and rate constant for degradation of b (c) of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and starch (STA); and (2) an appropriate incubation time for in situ or in vitro procedures to estimate in vivo digestibility. Four rumen-cannulated Nellore bulls (body weight = 262 ± 19.6 kg) distributed in a 4 × 4 Latin square were used. Diets were based on dry ground maize (DGM); or dry ground sorghum (DGS); or reconstituted ground maize silage; or reconstituted ground sorghum silage. In vitro and in situ incubations of the individual grains and diets were simultaneously performed with in vivo digestibility. In general, reconstituted grains and diets based on reconstituted grains presented greater (P < 0.05) fraction a and lower (P < 0.05) fraction b of DM, OM and STA compared to dry grains and diets based on dry grain. However, the magnitude of response of the reconstitution and ensiling process on DM and OM degradability parameter was greater for maize than that for sorghum. Moreover, no differences (P > 0.05) were observed between DGM- and DGS-based diets for c estimates. The results suggest that the reconstitution process promotes grains protein matrix breakdown increasing STA availability. The incubation times required for in vivo digestibility estimations of DM, OM and STA are 24 h for in situ and 36 h for in vitro procedures.

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“…Ali et al. () found that ED of NDF in WPMS is positively affected by NDF content and negatively influenced by ADF content. According to these results, nutritive value of WPMS could be increased by reducing the ADF content and the proportion of ADF (cellulose and lignin) in the NDF fraction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritive value of ensiled maize stover from nine different varieties harvested at three different stages of maturity

Terler

Grüber

Knaus

2018

Grass and Forage Science

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Nutrient composition and digestibility of stover contribute markedly to the nutritive value of forage maize in cattle feeding. Low stover digestibility limits the quality of whole plant maize silage (WPMS) and should therefore be prevented by optimizing management of WPMS production. A project was carried out to analyse nutrient composition and ruminal nutrient degradability of ensiled stover of nine different current maize varieties, which were planted in 3 years and harvested at three maturity stages (50, 55 and 60% ear dry‐matter [DM] content). Variety and harvest date had a significant impact (p < 0.05) on crude protein (CP) and metabolizable energy content, whereas fibre content and non‐fibre components were not affected by these factors. In contrast, the potential and effective degradability (ED) of organic matter (OM), CP and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) were significantly influenced by variety and harvest date. The ED5 (ED at 5% per hour passage rate) of different varieties ranged from 22.9% to 29.3% for OM, from 66.2% to 71.4% for CP and from 17.3% to 20.5% for NDF. The ED5 of OM, CP and NDF declined significantly by 4.1%, 2.5% and 2.1% units between the second and third maturity stage. Almost all investigated parameters were significantly influenced by year. Significant differences between varieties indicate that there is a potential for improvement of stover degradability through breeding. Harvest ear DM content should not exceed 55%, because nutritive value of ensiled stover declines significantly beyond this value, which could negatively affect WPMS quality in cattle feeding.

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Relationship between chemical composition and in situ rumen degradation characteristics of maize silages in dairy cows

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

Effect of maturity and hybrid on ruminal and intestinal digestion of corn silage in dry cows

Effect of maturity and hybrid on ruminal and intestinal digestion of corn silage in dry cows

In situ and in vitro techniques for estimating degradation parameters and digestibility of diets based on maize or sorghum

Nutritive value of ensiled maize stover from nine different varieties harvested at three different stages of maturity

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