Relationship between casual blood sugar and body mass index in a suburban northern Nigerian population: A short communication

Bakari, AG; Onyemelukwe, C G C Geoffrey; Sani, BG; Aliyu, S; Hassan, Shahbaz; Aliyu, TM

doi:10.4314/njm.v16i1.37287

Cited by 7 publications

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“…A higher prevalence of overweight, obesity and overweight/obesity among women than men are consistent with findings in Uganda [ 14 , 15 ]. These findings are consistent with findings reported elsewhere in Africa for instance in Nigeria [ 38 , 44 ], Kenya [ 9 ], Mozambique [ 10 ], Malawi [ 11 ], Botswana [ 40 ], Ghana [ 37 ], Zambia [ 43 ], Tanzania [ 45 ], Algeria [ 39 ], South Africa [ 41 , 46 ] and Cameroon [ 7 ]. However, they differ from the findings of one study in Nigeria [ 13 ] and studies in high income countries where men have a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity than women [ 47 – 49 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Our findings of a low prevalence of underweight was lower than findings in rural Uganda [ 14 , 15 ], Kenya [ 9 ] and Congo-Brazzaville [ 36 ] probably as a result of variations in the age groups studied, definition and measurement of rural–urban divide. However, our findings were similar to those of African studies in Malawi [ 11 ], Cameroon [ 7 ], Ghana [ 37 ] and Nigeria [ 13 , 38 ]. The higher prevalence of underweight among men (8.1 %) than women (5.9 %) is in consonance with findings elsewhere in Africa [ 7 , 9 , 10 , 14 , 15 , 37 , 39 – 41 ]; however, some studies in Africa have reported an insignificant inverse relationship [ 11 , 13 , 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Our findings are consistent with findings in Africa of an overall overweight/obesity prevalence of 21.9 % in Malawi [ 11 ], 29.2 % in Nigeria [ 13 ], 20.1 % of the normotensive and 22.2 % of the hypertensive adult populations in Nigeria [ 42 ], and 27.1 % of rural residents in Ghana [ 37 ]. The overall prevalence estimate of overweight/obesity is less than the estimates in a few studies in Africa, such as 37.1 % in Ghana [ 37 ], and 31.6 % in Nigeria [ 38 ], probably as a result of differences in the definition and measurement of the rural–urban divide.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Population-based survey of overweight and obesity and the associated factors in peri-urban and rural Eastern Uganda

et al. 2015

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BackgroundIn sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the rising prevalence of overweight, obesity and non-communicable diseases co-exists with the high burden of under-nutrition. The paucity of data on adulthood overweight and obesity, disaggregated by socio-demographic characteristics and in rural settings in SSA calls for research. We determined the prevalence of underweight, overweight/obesity and associated factors among adults in peri-urban and rural Uganda.MethodsA cross-sectional study of 1210 randomly selected adults aged ≥ 18 years was conducted in Iganga-Mayuge Health and Demographic Surveillance Site in eastern Uganda in 2013. Height, weight and socio-demographic variables were assessed. Overweight was defined as BMI = 25.0-29.99 kg/m2, obesity ≥ 30 kg/m2 and overweight/obesity ≥ 25 kg/m2. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with overweight/obesity.ResultsOf the participants, 7 % were underweight (8.1 % of men; 5.9 % of women, p = 0.99); 17.8 % were overweight (12.4 % of men; 23.1 % of women, p < 0.001); and 7 % were obese (2.0 % of men; 12.7 % of women, p < 0.001). Overweight prevalence was 15.8 % and 23.8 % among rural and peri-urban adults, respectively (p < 0.001). Obesity prevalence was 3.9 % and 17.8 % among rural and peri-urban adults, respectively (p < 0.001). Factors associated with overweight/obesity were: being female, adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 4.3 (95 % confidence interval (PloS one 8:e75640, 20013) 3.2–5.9); peri-urban residence AOR 2.6 (1.9–3.6); being in age group 35–44, AOR 3.1 (1.8–5.3); 45–54 AOR 4.1 (2.3–7.3); 55–64 AOR 2.6 (1.4–5.0); ≥ 65 years AOR 3.1 (1.6–6.0); and having socio-economic status (SES) in the third AOR 2.8 (1.7–4.6), fourth 2.5 (1.5–4.2) and fifth 2.7 (1.6–4.4) quintile.ConclusionsOverweight/obesity was prevalent among adults. Overweight/obese was associated with being female, being aged 35 years and older, residing in a peri-urban area and having a higher SES. The time has come to develop interventions to prevent and control overweight/obesity.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2506-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Population-based survey of overweight and obesity and the associated factors in peri-urban and rural Eastern Uganda

et al. 2015

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“…In contrast, a large cross-sectional study reported that blood glucose levels stayed constant during fasting up to 18 h [50]. Two crosssectional studies reported no difference in fasting blood glucose level despite increasing age [51] or BMI [52]. The elderly are a vulnerable population that are exposed to an elevated risk for impaired postprandial glucose regulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Glycemic impact of non-nutritive sweeteners: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Nichol

Holle

2018

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Background/objectives Nonnutritive sweeteners (NNSs) are zero-or low-calorie alternatives to nutritive sweeteners, such as table sugars. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted to quantitatively synthesize existing scientific evidence on the glycemic impact of NNSs. Subjects/methods PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched. Two authors screened the titles and abstracts of candidate publications. The third author was consulted to resolve discrepancies. Twenty-nine randomized controlled trials, with a total of 741 participants, were included and their quality assessed. NNSs under examination included aspartame, saccharin, steviosides, and sucralose. The review followed the PRISMA guidelines. Results Meta-analysis was performed to estimate and track the trajectory of blood glucose concentrations over time after NNS consumption, and to test differential effects by type of NNS and participants' age, weight, and disease status. In comparison with the baseline, NNS consumption was not found to increase blood glucose level, and its concentration gradually declined over the course of observation following NNS consumption. The glycemic impact of NNS consumption did not differ by type of NNS but to some extent varied by participants' age, body weight, and diabetic status. Conclusions NNS consumption was not found to elevate blood glucose level. Future studies are warranted to assess the health implications of frequent and chronic NNS consumption and elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms.

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“…Previous mouse studies suggested the serum glucose levels were decreased through caloric restriction 34, 35 . Further, serum glucose levels are positively correlated with body mass index (BMI) observed in human studies 36, 37 . Tempol serum metabolite profiles identified decreased glucose and amino acids levels consistent with the decreased hepatic glucose and amino acid reserves, improved insulin sensitivity, and lean phenotype.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Antioxidant Drug Tempol Promotes Functional Metabolic Changes in the Gut Microbiota

et al. 2016

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Recent studies have identified the important role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and progression of obesity and related metabolic disorders. The antioxidant tempol was shown to prevent or reduce weight gain and modulate the gut microbiota community in mice; however, the mechanism by which tempol modulates weight gain/loss with respect to the host and gut microbiota has not been clearly established. Here we show that tempol (0, 1, 10, and 50 mg/kg p.o. for 5 days) decreased cecal bacterial fermentation and increased fecal energy excretion in a dose-dependent manner. Liver 1H NMR-based metabolomics identified a dose-dependent decrease in glycogen and glucose, enhanced glucogenic and ketogenic activity (tyrosine and phenylalanine), and increased activation of the glycolysis pathway. Serum 1H NMR-based metabolomics indicated that tempol promotes enhanced glucose catabolism. Hepatic gene expression was significantly altered as demonstrated by an increase in Pepck and G6pase and a decrease in Hnf4a, ChREBP, Fabp1, and Cd36 mRNAs. No significant change in the liver and serum metabolomic profiles were observed in germ-free mice thus establishing a significant role for the gut microbiota in mediating the beneficial metabolic effects of tempol. These results demonstrate that tempol modulates the gut microbial community and its function resulting in reduced host energy availability and a significant shift in liver metabolism towards a more catabolic state.

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Relationship between casual blood sugar and body mass index in a suburban northern Nigerian population: A short communication

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Population-based survey of overweight and obesity and the associated factors in peri-urban and rural Eastern Uganda

Population-based survey of overweight and obesity and the associated factors in peri-urban and rural Eastern Uganda

Glycemic impact of non-nutritive sweeteners: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Antioxidant Drug Tempol Promotes Functional Metabolic Changes in the Gut Microbiota

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