Relationship Between Carbamazepine Concentration and Dose in North Indian Population

Sharma, Sangeeta; Mukherjee, Shoma; Kumar, Naveen; Prakash, Archana; Tabassum, Fauzia; Agarwal, Rachna; Kumar, Kaushal

doi:10.5567/pharmacologia.2012.190.195

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The level-dose ratio of this case was 0.0025 whereas the normative ratio in adults is about 10 times higher (0.02 ± 0.01, SD) 7. The figures in columns represent percentages 202 | LUNARDI et AL.fall over the following days.…”

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confidence: 60%

“…In the 24 months preceding the video-EEG, all patients had received monotherapies with maximal tolerated doses of at least two AEDs during which they had at least one focal unaware seizure per month (median 5, interquartile range [3][4][5][6][7][8]. The treatment at admission, however, was different, often representing a viable compromise between drug load and seizure frequency.…”

Section: Materials and Me Thodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Single antiepileptic drug levels do not predict adherence and nonadherence

et al. 2018

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Objectives: To investigate the significance of "subtherapeutic" vs "therapeutic" antiepileptic drug (AED) plasma levels with respect to treatment adherence. Material and methods:One hundred and seventy patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy who underwent video-EEG monitoring in view of a surgical indication had their AEDs (carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, and valproate) rapidly withdrawn following a standardized schedule. Plasma levels were measured at admission, and during the 2 days of drug withdrawal. Adherence and nonadherence were identified by the development of plasma levels from day 1 through day 3.Frequencies of an initial level below the reference range in both groups were compared.Results: Adherence was found in 73.2% of cases, and nonadherence in 26.8%. Low levels were seen equally often (about 1/4 of cases) in adherent and nonadherent cases. The vast majority (73.7%) of low levels had another explanation than nonadherence (eg low-dose treatment or enzyme induction). Of 42 nonadherent cases, the vast majority of 76.2% had unsuspicious plasma levels at admission.Conclusions: "Subtherapeutic" AED plasma levels only rarely are caused by nonadherence whereas levels in the "therapeutic range" by no means prove that the patient is adherent to treatment. For meaningful interpretation, any level needs to be compared with other levels of the same patient. Our findings strongly emphasize the principle of individualized therapeutic AED monitoring as promoted by the Therapeutic Strategies Commission of the ILAE. K E Y W O R D Sbioequivalence, enzyme induction, individualized therapeutic level, preparation shifts, rapid metabolization, therapeutic antiepileptic drug monitoring, therapeutic range, therapeutic threshold

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confidence: 60%

Section: Materials and Me Thodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single antiepileptic drug levels do not predict adherence and nonadherence

et al. 2018

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The pyrethroid insecticide permethrin confers hepatotoxicity through DNA damage and mitochondria‐associated apoptosis induction in rat: Palliative benefits of Fumaria officinalis

Aoiadni

Chiab

Jdidi

et al. 2022

J Biochem & Molecular Tox

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Permethrin (PER) is a pyrethroid pesticide that is extensively used as an insecticide in world because of its high activity and its low mammalian toxicity. The current study was conducted to investigate the protective action of Fumaria officinalis against PER‐induced liver injury in male rats. However, HPLC‐DAD showed the richness of 6 components in F. officinalis (F) including quercetin, ferulic acid, and naringenin which were the most abundant. Total polyphenols, total flavonoids, and condensed tannins were studied by phytochemical screening. In vitro, antioxidant properties showed that F. officinalis exhibited the highest DPPH radical, FRAP, and H2O2 tests and total antioxidant capacity. Wistar rats were divided into four groups: negative control group (C), positive control group (F) (200 mg F. officinalis/kg BW), PER group (34.05 mg permethrin/kg BW), and PER + F group (34.05 mg permethrin/kg BW and 200 mg F. officinalis/kg BW). Oral administration of PER led to promote a decrease of body weight and Ca2+‐ATPases and Mg2+‐ATPases activities and an increase of plasma C‐reactive protein level, transaminases, and hepatic ϒ‐GT activities as well as hepatic and mitochondrial oxidative stress. An increase in plasma lactate‐to pyruvate ratio and a reduction in complexes enzymes I, III, and IV activities were also observed. In addition, histoarchitecture of liver in PER‐treated rats showed apoptosis and necrosis as confirmed by DNA fragmentation. F. officinalis significantly exerted hepatoprotective effect by modulating hepatic alteration and mitochondrial dysfunction as well as genotoxicity. This effect could be attributed to phenolics compounds such as polyphenols, condensed tannins, and flavonoids.

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