Relationship between body mass index of offspring and maternal smoking during pregnancy

Ino, Toshihiro; Shibuya, Tomoyuki; Saito, Kota; Inaba, Yohei

doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.255

Cited by 37 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…for these factors, MTS remains an independent risk factor for childhood obesity (2,7,8,17,18). The independent risk of obesity with maternal smoking suggests that MTS programs altered adipocyte physiology, leading to increased adiposity in the progeny.…”

Section: Mts Increased Vat In Male Ratsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even when considering dietary and lifestyle choices, MTS exposure in utero independently increases the risk of developing visceral obesity (7,8). Children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy had decreased birth weights yet an increased obesity and BMI index as early as 9-10 y of age, independent of dietary intake and activity levels (8).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While catch-up growth likely impacts the results of increased adiposity seen in this study as well as many other human and animal studies, catch-up growth is necessary for proper neurodevelopmental function and thus critical for the IUGR offspring. Furthermore, when correcting for these factors, MTS remains an independent risk factor for childhood obesity (2,7,8,17,18). The independent risk of obesity with maternal smoking suggests that MTS programs altered adipocyte physiology, leading to increased adiposity in the progeny.…”

Section: Mts Increased Vat In Male Ratsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This timeframe was chosen because the detrimental health effects of MTS on offspring are largely seen in the second and third trimesters (8,37). Furthermore, this MTS regimen allowed us to ask a specific perinatal question of how prenatal MTS increases visceral adiposity in the adult offspring (8,37). Second, the neonatal MTS rats were cross-fostered to tobacco-naive mothers for rearing consistency.…”

Section: Mts Increased Vat In Male Ratsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neonatal rat cotinine levels fell well within the range of 200 to 800 ng/ml, indicating an "active smoker" according to ARUP laboratories. Not only does MTS predispose the fetus to IUGR, but it also increases the risk of obesity in childhood (2,7,8,17,18). Certainly, social factors interplay with MTS exposure during pregnancy, such as decreased physical activity, parental education, and socioeconomic status associated with postnatal cigarette exposure.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternal tobacco smoke increased visceral adiposity and serum corticosterone levels in adult male rat offspring

Zinkhan

Lang

et al. 2014

Pediatr Res

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Background: Maternal tobacco smoke (MTS) predisposes human and rat offspring to visceral obesity in early adulthood. Glucocorticoid excess also causes visceral obesity. We hypothesized that in utero MTS would increase visceral adiposity and alter the glucocorticoid pathway in young adult rats. Methods:We developed a novel model of in utero MTS exposure in pregnant rats by exposing them to cigarette smoke from E11.5 to term. Neonatal rats were cross-fostered to control dams and weaned to standard rat chow through young adulthood (postnatal day 60). results: We demonstrated increased visceral adiposity (193%)*, increased visceral adipose 11-β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 mRNA (204%)*, increased serum corticosterone (147%)*, and no change in glucocorticoid receptor protein in adult male MTS rat offspring. Female rats exposed to MTS in utero demonstrated no change in visceral or subcutaneous adiposity, decreased serum corticosterone (60%)*, and decreased adipose glucocorticoid receptor protein (66%)*. *P < 0.05. conclusion: We conclude that in utero MTS exposure increased visceral adiposity and altered in the glucocorticoid pathway in a sex-specific manner. We speculate that in utero MTS exposure programs adipose dysfunction in adult male rat offspring via alteration in the glucocorticoid pathway.M aternal tobacco smoke (MTS) impacts more than 13% of pregnancies despite aggressive antismoking campaigns (1). In adult human studies, MTS exposure in utero predisposes to the development of metabolic syndrome, including increased visceral adiposity (2). The increased adiposity seen after gestating in an adverse intrauterine environment, such as maternal tobacco or nicotine exposure, is often adipose depot specific, with the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) increasing in excess to the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) (3,4).VAT seems to have a detrimental role in the development of metabolic syndrome (5,6). Even when considering dietary and lifestyle choices, MTS exposure in utero independently increases the risk of developing visceral obesity (7,8). Children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy had decreased birth weights yet an increased obesity and BMI index as early as 9-10 y of age, independent of dietary intake and activity levels (8). Furthermore, the effect of MTS on body weight was stronger when mothers smoked during pregnancy compared with that of isolated smoke exposure in childhood (7). Taken together, these findings suggest that MTS exposure during this developmentally sensitive time period both causes intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and adversely programs obesity later in life.Little insight exists on how MTS programs increased visceral adiposity. Rodent studies examining the effect of in utero MTS exposure on the offspring have not examined the etiology of increased visceral adiposity. Rodent studies of tobacco smoke exposure only during lactation demonstrate increased adiposity (9). Furthermore, rodent studies of maternal nicotine, one of the many compounds found in tobacco smoke, demonstrate increa...

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Section: Mts Increased Vat In Male Ratsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mts Increased Vat In Male Ratsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mts Increased Vat In Male Ratsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternal tobacco smoke increased visceral adiposity and serum corticosterone levels in adult male rat offspring

Zinkhan

Lang

et al. 2014

Pediatr Res

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Ambient air pollution and the prevalence of obesity in chinese children: The seven northeastern cities study

Dong

Qian

Liu

et al. 2014

Obesity

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Objective: The association between air pollution and the prevalence of overweight and obesity is evaluated. Methods: The population consisted of 30,056 children (aged 2-14 years), randomly selected from 25 districts in Northeast China. Child weight and height were measured, and exposures to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter 10 lm (PM 10 ), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), nitrogen dioxides (NO 2 ), and Ozone (O 3 ) were estimated from the data collected at monitoring stations in the 25 districts. Using two-level logistic models, we examined the association between the exposure and the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Results: Among the study children, 12.3% (3,704) were overweight and 14.1% (4,233) were obese. After adjusting for confounding factors, an increased prevalence of obesity was associated with an interquartile range increase in PM 10 (31 lg/m 3 ; odds ratio [ORs] ¼ 1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11-1.26), SO 2 (7.4 ppb; ORs ¼ 1.11; 95% CI: 1.03-1.20), NO 2 (5.3 ppb; ORs ¼ 1.13; 95% CI: 1.04-1.22), and O 3 (11.5 ppb; ORs ¼ 1.14; 95% CI: 1.04-1.24). Prevalence of overweight increased with an interquartile range increase in O 3 (11.5 ppb; ORs ¼ 1.09; 95% CI: 1.03-1.15). Conclusions: This study suggests that air pollution is positively associated with an increased likelihood of obesity or overweight in children.

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Primordial Prevention of Cardiometabolic Risk in Childhood

Tanrikulu

Ağırbaşlı

Berenson

2016

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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Fetal life and childhood are important in the development of cardiometabolic risk and later clinical disease of atherosclerosis, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Molecular and environmental conditions leading to cardiometabolic risk in early life bring us a challenge to develop effective prevention and intervention strategies to reduce cardiovascular (CV) risk in children and later disease. It is important that prevention strategies begin at an early age to reduce future CV morbidity and mortality. Pioneering work from longitudinal studies such as Bogalusa Heart Study (BHS), the Finnish Youth Study and other programs provide an awareness of the need for public and health services to begin primordial prevention. The impending CV risk beginning in childhood has a significant socioeconomic burden. Directions to achieve primordial prevention of cardiometabolic risk in children have been developed by prior longitudinal studies. Based on those studies that show risk factors in childhood as precursors of adult CV risk, implementation of primordial prevention will have effects at broad levels. Considering the epidemic of obesity, the high prevalence of hypertension and cardiometabolic risk, prevention early in life is valuable. Comprehensive health education, such as 'Health Ahead/Heart Smart', for all elementary school age children is one approach to begin primordial prevention and can be included in public education beginning in kindergarten along with the traditional education subject matter.

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Relationship between body mass index of offspring and maternal smoking during pregnancy

Cited by 37 publications

References 18 publications

Maternal tobacco smoke increased visceral adiposity and serum corticosterone levels in adult male rat offspring

Maternal tobacco smoke increased visceral adiposity and serum corticosterone levels in adult male rat offspring

Ambient air pollution and the prevalence of obesity in chinese children: The seven northeastern cities study

Primordial Prevention of Cardiometabolic Risk in Childhood

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