Relationship between body composition and blood pressure in Bahraini adolescents

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between body composition and blood pressure (BP) in Bahraini adolescents. A sample of 504 Bahraini schoolchildren aged 12 -17 years (249 boys and 255 girls) was selected using a multi-stage stratified sampling procedure. BP measurements were performed on the students. Anthropometric data including weight, height, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference, and triceps, subscapular and medial calf skinfold thicknesses were also collected. BMI, percentage body fat, waist:hip (WHR), and subscapular:triceps skinfold ratio were calculated. Mean systolic BP and mean diastolic BP were higher in males than in females. Weight and height in boys and weight only in girls were significantly associated with systolic BP independent of age or percentage fat. Nearly 14 % of the adolescents were classified as having high BP. BMI and percentage body fat were significantly and positively associated with the risk of having high BP in the boys and girls. Adolescents with high WHR or WC, as indicators for central obesity, tended to have higher BP values. The results from the present study indicate that obesity influences the BP of Bahraini adolescents and that simple anthropometric measurements such as WHR and WC are useful in identifying children at risk of developing high BP. These findings together with the known tracking of BP from adolescence into adulthood underline the importance of establishing intervention programmes in order to prevent the development of childhood and adolescent obesity.

Pressão arterial: efeito do índice de massa corporal e da circunferência abdominal em adolescentes

“…The present study showed a significant association of weight gain and abdominal fat concentration with blood pressure elevation in adolescents of both genders (Tables 2 and 3), thus corroborating data from other studies that showed that increased BMI and WC are good predictors of the risk of development of hypertension in adolescents 8,9,18,19 . The data also confirm the importance of excess abdominal fat in the pathogenesis of hypertension, whether directly associated with the metabolic characteristics of adipocytes located in this region and their relationships with RAAS stimulation, or indirectly via the hyperinsulinemia resulting from insulin resistance due to alterations in the cell mechanism of glucose metabolization 7,8 .…”

The risk factors for elevated blood pressure and how to address cardiovascular risk factors: a review in paediatric populations

“…Generally, logistic regression was used to calculate the age-adjusted odds ratio for hypertension and the 95% confidence interval (CI). [21][22][23][24][26][27][28] Maffeis et al 29 performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis with backward stepping of variables and an evaluation of the model using three goodness of fit X 2 statistics, whereas Addo et al 13 used both univariate and multivariate regression models to calculate the odds ratio for hypertension. Barger and Muldoon 25 used the ordinal regression model, the cumulative odds model to evaluate differences in self-rated health as a function of hypertension status, labelling which further provides an extension of logistic regression for determining the odds ratios.…”

“…Europe recorded a prevalence rate of between 2-13.9% for both boys and girls. 21,24,35 Table 2 presents the odds ratio and 95% CI for the development of hypertension in selected studies in sub-Saharan Africa and other parts of the world. Monyeki et al 26 reported the highest odds ratio (13.7 95%CI 3.6-51.7) for Ellisras rural South African children aged 11-14.4 years, whereas Frontini et al 24 reported an odds ratio of 5.05 95%CI 1.4-14.7 for Bangalusa, LA, USA.…”

“…13,15 In general, hypertension was defined as the occurrence of SBPand DBP levels greater or equal to the 95th percentile of height and sex-adjusted reference levels. 15,16 Al-Sendi et al 21 based their definition of high BP on the recommendation of the WHO Expert Committee on Hypertension Control. 22 In their recommendation, hypertension was defined as SBP and/or DBP greater or equal to the 95th percentile for age, and normal BP status was defined as SBP and/or DBP less than 95th percentile for age.…”

Kesan Akut Kafein ke atas Penggunaan Oksigen dan Tanggapan Tahap Lesu semasa Senaman Intensiti Sederhana dalam kalangan Dewasa Muda Perempuan yang Sedentari

“…Ujian korelasi Pearson menunjukkan tiada hubungan yang signifikan antara tekanan darah sistolik (r = 0.323, p = 0.214) dan tekanan darah diastolik (r = 0.141, p = 0.617) dengan peratusan lemak tubuh.Keputusan ini adalah berbeza dengan kajian-kajian lepas yang melaporkann hubungan positif antara tekanan darah dan peratusan lemak tubuh (Al-Sendi et al 2003;Arazi & Hoseini 2011). Penemuan ini mungkin disebabkan oleh saiz sampel kajian yang kecil.…”