2008
DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e3283088d1f
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Relationship between blood pressure and depression in the elderly. The Three-City Study

Abstract: In a large sample of elderly individuals from the general population, depressive individuals had lower blood pressure values than nondepressive ones, independent of medications and of history of cardiovascular events.

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Cited by 51 publications
(49 citation statements)
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References 51 publications
(47 reference statements)
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“…Sociodemographic characteristics (age, educational level and gender), health behaviours (body mass index, current alcohol use and smoking status), and clinical measures (history of hypertension or depression, history of cardiovascular or ischemic events, antihypertensive drug use, or psychotropic drug consumption) have been considered to confound relationships between mood and activity of the cardiovascular system (Lenoir et al, 2008) and were therefore included as covariates in the present study. Sociodemographic and health behaviour covariates were entered in models together as groups, but clinical covariates were entered separately.…”
Section: Covariatesmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Sociodemographic characteristics (age, educational level and gender), health behaviours (body mass index, current alcohol use and smoking status), and clinical measures (history of hypertension or depression, history of cardiovascular or ischemic events, antihypertensive drug use, or psychotropic drug consumption) have been considered to confound relationships between mood and activity of the cardiovascular system (Lenoir et al, 2008) and were therefore included as covariates in the present study. Sociodemographic and health behaviour covariates were entered in models together as groups, but clinical covariates were entered separately.…”
Section: Covariatesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…At baseline, participants were interviewed using standardized health-related, neurological, and psychiatric questionnaires covering lifetime and current states of health; individual and family medical history; medication use (participants were asked to bring their medication to the centre); past and present hormonal therapy for women; exposure to adverse environmental factors (including pesticides, electromagnetic fields, anaesthesia, adverse life events); neurological, mental and somatic disorders (see details in Ritchie et al, 2004;Lenoir et al, 2008). In each case the neurologist contacted the person's general practitioner, permitting verification of information where necessary.…”
Section: Interview and General Measuresmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Depression was assessed with the Center for the Epidemiologic Study-Depression (CES-D) scale, a 20-item self-administered instrument that provides total scores ranging from 0 to 60 24 and that has been validated for use in studies that included elderly individuals. [25][26][27] The CES-D rates the frequency of reported depressive symptoms experienced in the past week (i.e., depressed mood, feelings of guilt and worthlessness, feelings of helplessness and hopelessness, and sleep disturbance). The CES-D scores were considered dichotomously (yes/no) using recommended cutoff values.…”
Section: Other Data and Measurementsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Clinically significant depressive symptoms were defined as CES-D scores of ≥17 in men, and ≥23 in women. 27 Participants were classified as having a history of cardiovascular events if they had experienced a stroke, bypass, angioplasty, myocardial infarction, angina, or heart surgery. Blood samples were collected and assayed for fasting cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose levels.…”
Section: Other Data and Measurementsmentioning
confidence: 99%