Relationship between blood lead and dietary iron intake in preschool children

Hammad, Tarek A.; Sexton, Mary; Langenberg, Patricia

doi:10.1016/1047-2797(95)00097-6

Cited by 120 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Previous epidemiologic studies have found significant inverse associations between blood lead levels and the dietary intake of a number of nutrients, including iron, calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin C ([Anonymous] 1978;Ballew et al 1999;Hammad et al 1996;Johnson and Tenuta 1979;Mahaffey et al , 1986Sorrell and Rosen 1977). In addition, findings from human studies suggest that total fat and caloric intake are positively associated with blood lead levels (Lucas et al 1996).…”

Section: Influence Of Nutrient Intake On Blood Lead Levels Of Young Cmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…These nutrients have been studied extensively with regard to blood lead, and other investigators have consistently found significant inverse associations between blood lead and the intake of these nutrients ([Anonymous] 1978;Ballew et al 1999;Hammad et al 1996;Johnson and Tenuta 1979;Mahaffey et al , 1986Sorrell and Rosen 1977). Metabolic studies have shown that low intake of iron, calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin C may enhance the intestinal absorption and tissue retention of lead, resulting in increased lead toxicity (Barton et al 1978a(Barton et al , 1978bEdelstein et al 1984;Hamilton 1978;Hammad et al 1996 al. 1989;Hsu et al 1975;Klauder and Petering 1975;Mahaffey and Goyer 1972;Ragan 1977;Singh et al 1991;Six and Goyer 1970;Sobel and Burger 1955;Suzuki and Yoshida 1979).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of nutrient intake on blood lead levels of young children at risk for lead poisoning.

Gallicchio

Scherer

Sexton

2002

Environ Health Perspect

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Although removal of lead paint hazards from at-risk houses remains the primary means of preventing elevated blood lead among young children, reduction of risk through nutritional factors has also been of interest. In this study we evaluated the effect of nutrient intake on blood lead levels by analyzing whether the intakes of certain dietary components a) were associated with blood lead levels independent of lead exposure or b) modified the effect of lead exposure on blood lead. Subjects were 205 children from low-income families who were approximately 1 year of age and living in old, urban houses. The data collected for each child included blood lead level, nutritional status, and amount of lead exposure, which was assessed from samples of household dust. Multiple linear regression analyses showed a statistically significant positive association between lead exposure and blood lead. Statistically significant positive associations were found between blood lead and total fat as well as blood lead and saturated fat, independent of lead exposure and age of the child. Regression modeling and stratified analysis showed that mean blood lead increased with increasing lead exposure as well as with increasing caloric intake, suggesting that caloric intake modifies the association between lead exposure and blood lead. The findings from this study, if replicated in other studies, support a dietary intervention to reduce the amount of total calories, total fat, and saturated fat among children 1 year of age at risk for lead exposure, while maintaining adequate intake of these dietary components. Our results also reinforce recommendations that removal of lead paint hazards from at-risk houses should be the primary means of preventing lead exposure.

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Section: Influence Of Nutrient Intake On Blood Lead Levels Of Young Cmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of nutrient intake on blood lead levels of young children at risk for lead poisoning.

Gallicchio

Scherer

Sexton

2002

Environ Health Perspect

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Studies of children have shown relationships between low blood lead levels and various health issues such as cognitive effects (Needleman and Gatsonis, 1990;Canfield et al, 2003), growth hormone secretion (Huseman et al, 1992), and nutritional status (e.g., iron, calcium, and caloric intake) (Lacasana et al, 2000;Hammad et al, 1996;Gallicchio et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between low blood lead levels and growth in children of white-collar civil servants in Korea

Min¹,

Min²,

Cho³

et al. 2008

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health

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“…The increased absorption of ingested Pb in Fe-deficient rats was demonstrated by Six and Goyer (1972) and has been corroborated by others (Angle et al, 1977;Ragan, 1977;Robertson and Worwood, 1978;Flanagan et al, 1979;Wright et al, 1998). Consistently, Fe supplement reduces Pb body burden (Choi and Kim, 2003;Hammad et al, 1996;Kim et al, 2003). Specific cellular importers for Pb are unlikely as the metal serves no nutritional requirement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Researches in the past have demonstrated that there is an intimate relationship between Pb exposure and Fe metabolism in biological systems. For example, Fe deficiency can lead to an augment in Pb absorption (Bradman et al, 2001;Wright et al, 1999); vice versa, Fe supplement can reduce the Pb absorption from the intestine (Choi and Kim, 2003;Hammad et al, 1996;Kim et al, 2003). However, the questions as to whether or not Fe supplement may protect against Pb toxicity on the BBB have never been investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron supplement prevents lead-induced disruption of the blood–brain barrier during rat development

Wang

Luo

Zheng

et al. 2007

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

102

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Children are known to be venerable to lead (Pb) toxicity. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) in immature brain is particularly vulnerable to Pb insults. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that Pb exposure damaged the integrity of the BBB in young animals and iron (Fe) supplement may prevent against Pb-induced BBB disruption. Male weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. Three groups of rats were exposed to Pb in drinking water containing 342 μg Pb/mL as Pb acetate, among which two groups were concurrently administered by oral gavage once every other day with 7 mg Fe/kg and 14 mg Fe/kg as FeSO 4 solution as the low and high Fe treatment group, respectively, for 6 weeks. The control group received sodium acetate in drinking water. Pb exposure significantly increased Pb concentrations in blood by 6.6-folds (p<0.05) and brain tissues by 1.5-2.0-folds (p<0.05) as compared to controls. Under the electron microscope, Pb exposure in young animals caused an extensive extravascular staining of lanthanum nitrate in brain parenchyma, suggesting a leakage of cerebral vasculature. Western blot showed that Pb treatment led to 29-68% reduction (p<0.05) in the expression of occludin as compared to the controls. Fe supplement among Pb-exposed rats maintained the normal ultrastructure of the BBB and restored the expression of occludin to normal levels. Moreover, the low dose Fe supplement significantly reduced Pb levels in blood and brain tissues. These data suggest that Pb exposure disrupts the structure of the BBB in young animals. The increased BBB permeability may facilitate the accumulation of Pb. Fe supplement appears to protect the integrity of the BBB against Pb insults, a beneficial effect that may have significant clinical implications.

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Relationship between blood lead and dietary iron intake in preschool children

Cited by 120 publications

References 17 publications

Influence of nutrient intake on blood lead levels of young children at risk for lead poisoning.

Influence of nutrient intake on blood lead levels of young children at risk for lead poisoning.

Relationship between low blood lead levels and growth in children of white-collar civil servants in Korea

Iron supplement prevents lead-induced disruption of the blood–brain barrier during rat development

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