Relationship Between Arterial and Intraosseous Pressure in African Grey Parrots (Psittacus erithacus)

Relationship Between Arterial and Intraosseous Pressure in Pigeons (Columba rupestris) in a Hypovolemic Model

“…This result differs from that of a previous study on African grey parrots that the MOP of ulnar and MAP were not correlated (5). The authors believe that improvements in the measurement techniques and protocols from previous experiences were the key points for this difference in ndings (5). The major modi cations made in this study include the use of a stylet to remove possible occlusions in and around the IO catheter and rechecking of the patency of IO catheter by aspiration instead of ushing, because studies have shown that IO needle clearance by ushing causes a prolonged drop in IO pressure (lasting approximately 8 min), whereas after clearance by aspiration, recovery is rapid (lasting 30 s) (11).…”

“…In this study, MOP of the ulna provided a good prediction of MAP in a hypovolemic model. This result differs from that of a previous study on African grey parrots that the MOP of ulnar and MAP were not correlated (5). The authors believe that improvements in the measurement techniques and protocols from previous experiences were the key points for this difference in ndings (5).…”

“…The IOP value in pigeons in this study was comparable to that reported in other studies. The IOP value of the ulna was 57.33 ± 23.86 mmHg in the present data compared with 49.17 ± 29.94 mmHg reported in African grey parrots; the IOP value of the tibia was 30.45 ± 17.97 mmHg in the present data compared to 26.4 ± 13.0 mmHg reported in the tibia diaphysis of dogs, 16-36 mmHg in the tibia of rabbits, and 17.4 ± 8.2 mmHg in the proximal tibia of swine (5,(16)(17)(18) These results indicate that MOP of the ulna and tibia may not present large differences between species. Comparable results were obtained when the declining trend in both pressures in both groups was evaluated.…”

“…A previous study on African grey parrots showed that IO pressure measurement is possible in birds (5).…”

“…It is a positive and pulsatile wave affected by blood pressure with respiratory variations that can be detected in the epiphysis and diaphysis of the humerus, femur, tibia, and ulna (8,9). Although the relationship between arterial pressure (AP) and IOP are still debatable, IOP is generally described as following the one-fourth rule to the mean arterial pressure (MAP; Table 1) in mammals (5,9,10). No 5…”