Relationship Between Arbuscular Mycorrhizas and Plant Growth: Improvement or Depression?

Lǚ, Li-Hui; Zou, Ying-Ning; Wu, Qiang-Sheng

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-75910-4_18

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Although arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known to play a major role in the uptake of plant nutrients, the impacts of forming arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) associations on plant growth can vary widely [1]. Positive growth responses to AM colonisation are the most often reported plant responses in the literature [2,3]; however, the so-called 'mycorrhizal growth depressions' , whereby a mycorrhizal plant accumulates less biomass than a nonmycorrhizal control plant, are receiving increasing attention [4][5][6]. The mechanisms behind AMF-induced plant growth depressions still remain unclear, but it is plausible that they are related to an imbalance in the trade of resources between host plant and fungus (i.e., C from plant and P from the fungus) [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using High-Throughput Phenotyping to Explore Growth Responses to Mycorrhizal Fungi and Zinc in Three Plant Species

et al. 2019

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There are many reported benefits to plants of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), including positive plant biomass responses; however, AMF can also induce biomass depressions in plants, and this response receives little attention in the literature. High-throughput phenotyping (HTP) technology permits repeated measures of an individual plant’s aboveground biomass. We examined the effect on AMF inoculation on the shoot biomass of three contrasting plant species: a vegetable crop (tomato), a cereal crop (barley), and a pasture legume (Medicago). We also considered the interaction of mycorrhizal growth responses with plant-available soil zinc (Zn) and phosphorus (P) concentrations. The appearance of a depression in shoot biomass due to inoculation with AMF occurred at different times for each plant species; depressions appeared earliest in tomato, then Medicago, and then barley. The usually positive-responding Medicago plants were not responsive at the high level of soil available P used. Mycorrhizal growth responsiveness in all three species was also highly interactive with soil Zn supply; tomato growth responded negatively to AMF inoculation in all soil Zn treatments except the toxic soil Zn treatment, where it responded positively. Our results illustrate how context-dependent mycorrhizal growth responses are and the value of HTP approaches to exploring the complexity of mycorrhizal responses.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using High-Throughput Phenotyping to Explore Growth Responses to Mycorrhizal Fungi and Zinc in Three Plant Species

et al. 2019

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“…In addition, roots benefit soil fertility because the release of organic acids alters the pH and the redox potential, promoting solubilization of the nutrients (Duchene et al 2017;Layek et al 2018). Therefore, the more equilibrated horizontal and vertical root distribution in intercropping systems, diminishes the competition for nutrients (Postma and Lynch 2012), increases linear root density, and promotes the interaction of mycorrhizal fungi with the plants, favoring the transfer of nutrients (Bargaz et al 2017;Lü et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil-Root Dynamics in Maize-Beans-Eggplant Intercropping System under Organic Management in a Subtropical Region

Gamboa

Vezzani

Kaschuk

et al. 2020

J Soil Sci Plant Nutr

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Intercropping is an agricultural system that facilitates mutualistic and commensalist interactions among crops. The objective of this research was to test the hypothesis that intercropping with greater plant richness produces more roots that improves microbial activity, which in turn, contributes to soil physical structure that improves soil chemistry parameters, crop yield, and land use. We performed a field experiment in a randomized block design, utilizing beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), maize (Zea mays), and eggplant (Solanum melongena), under monoculture or intercropping systems. Root and soil biological, physical and chemical parameters, crop yield and land equivalent ratios were analyzed. Increased plant richness as a function of the intercropping system did not affect root and soil parameters. However, principal component analysis indicated that intercropping affected root density, mass, and length, which, in turn, contributed to the formation of soil aggregates, increased microbial activity and to the improvement of soil chemical parameters. Furthermore, as consequence of increased plant richness, the maize-beans-eggplant intercropping facilitated the positive interactions among the species and led to a Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) 60% higher than the monoculture systems. The production of roots in the crop systems, regardless of species richness, stimulates soil biological activity and affects the quality of physical structure and fertility indicators of the soil. Crop systems with higher richness of plant species promote positive interactions between plants and soil and results in a better land use ratio.

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“…However, nearly all studies of variation among native and introduced populations of invasive plants focus on foliar ecophysiology, while knowledge of the roles of root ecophysiological traits in facilitating biological invasion is still limited. Roots play a vital role in determining plant growth, development, and adaptation via water uptake, nutrient acquisition and carbon storage and exudation (McCormack et al, 2015;Erktan et al, 2018;Lü et al, 2018;Petruzzellis et al, 2019). Whether plants from introduced populations have different root physiological traits compared with congeneric native populations, and whether these differences contribute to the faster growth of invasive plants are largely unexplored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Non-structural carbohydrates include soluble sugars (such as glucose, sucrose, or fructose) and starch, which serve different physiological functions. Starch is a long-term carbon storage pool because of its osmotic inactivity (Hartmann and Trumbore, 2016), while soluble sugars are used directly for cellular metabolism, as the substrates of cellular respiration or osmolytes for maintaining plant growth (Rosa et al, 2009), and provide the energy for AMF colonization (Lü et al, 2018;Rodríguez-Caballero et al, 2018). Non-structural carbohydrates can undergo frequent transformations including the conversion of soluble sugar to starch for storage or the conversion of starch to soluble sugar for metabolism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, low cellulose concentrations in roots may reduce defense against natural enemies, but facilitate arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) penetrating into roots, increasing AMF colonization. AMF establish symbioses with most terrestrial plants, assisting plants to obtain water and nutrients from the soil by forming a large composite network of root hyphae to expand the absorption area of the host plant roots and increase the root length, and by inducing greater aquaporin expression ( Simard et al, 2012 ; Ruiz-Lozano and Aroca, 2017 ; Lü et al, 2018 ). Studies have shown some introduced populations of plants can have higher AMF colonization than native ones ( Nijjer et al, 2008 ; Yang et al, 2015a , b ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Introduced Populations of an Invasive Tree Have Higher Soluble Sugars but Lower Starch and Cellulose

Wang

Tian

et al. 2020

Front. Plant Sci.

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Native and introduced plant populations vary in leaf physiology, biochemistry, and biotic interactions. These aboveground traits may help invasive plants in competition for resources with co-occurring native species. Root physiological traits may affect invasive plant performance because of the roles of roots in resource absorption. The aim of this study was to test this prediction, using invasive Chinese tallow tree (Triadica sebifera), as a model species. Here we examined carbohydrate (soluble sugar, sucrose, fructose, starch, and cellulose) concentrations and the mass of roots, stems, and leaves, along with root water potential and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization of soilcultured T. sebifera seedlings from 10 native (China) and 10 introduced (United States) populations in a common garden. Introduced populations had a significantly greater stem and leaf mass than native populations but their root masses did not differ, so they had lower R:S. Introduced populations had higher soluble sugar concentrations but lower starch and cellulose concentrations in their leaves, stems, and roots. Introduced populations had more negative root water potentials and higher AMF colonization. Together, our results indicate that invasive plants shift their carbohydrate allocation, leading to faster growth and a greater aboveground allocation strategy. Higher AMF colonization and more negative water potential in invasive plants likely facilitate more efficient water absorption by the roots. Thus, such physiological variation in root characteristics could play a role in plant invasion success.

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Relationship Between Arbuscular Mycorrhizas and Plant Growth: Improvement or Depression?

Cited by 9 publications

References 65 publications

Using High-Throughput Phenotyping to Explore Growth Responses to Mycorrhizal Fungi and Zinc in Three Plant Species

Using High-Throughput Phenotyping to Explore Growth Responses to Mycorrhizal Fungi and Zinc in Three Plant Species

Soil-Root Dynamics in Maize-Beans-Eggplant Intercropping System under Organic Management in a Subtropical Region

Introduced Populations of an Invasive Tree Have Higher Soluble Sugars but Lower Starch and Cellulose

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