Relationship between agrochemical compounds and mammary gland development and breast cancer

Kass, Laura; Gómez, Ayelén L.; Altamirano, Gabriela A.

doi:10.1016/j.mce.2020.110789

Cited by 42 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…The by-product most often measured is malondialdehyde (MDA), one of the main lipid hydroperoxides produced by the peroxide degradation of polyunsaturated fatty acids [ 8 , 10 ]. Thus, oxidative stress has been proposed as a mechanism linking exposure to pesticides to increased risk for the development of diseases such as cancer, renal and neurodegenerative diseases [ 11 , 12 , 13 ] and reproductive disorders [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Further, alterations in the hematological parameters such as decrease size of red blood cells, higher platelets and white blood cell (WBC) counts and increased activities of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin has been shown to be linked with hepatic cell damage in human occupationally exposed to the pesticide [ 4 , 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Health Effects in Women Farmers Indirectly Exposed to Pesticides

Martín-Reina

Casanova

Dahiri

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Farmers are among the most vulnerable populations because of the exposure to low levels of pesticides. Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities are considered as biomarkers of pesticides poisoning. However, biomarkers of oxidative stress are also playing an important role in toxicity of these contaminants. Further, increased activities of gamma-glutamyltransferase, alanine aminotransferase, urea and creatinine have been linked with hepatic and nephrotoxic cell damage, respectively. The aim of this study was to ascertain if the indirect exposure to pesticides leads to some biochemical parameter changes. Thus, cholinesterase activities, oxidative stress status (lipid and protein oxidation), hepatic function (AST and ALT levels), hormonal function (TSH, T4, FSH, LH and AMH), renal function (serum creatinine and urea), as well as possible subclinical kidney damage (urinary proteins and biomarkers of early kidney damage) were evaluated in farmer women who collect fruits and vegetables comparing with a group of women non-occupational exposed to pesticides but living in the same rural environment. Samples were taken periodically along one year to relate the observed effects to a chronic exposure. Our main results showed for the first time a subclinical kidney damage in a rural setting with indirect chronic exposure to pesticides.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Health Effects in Women Farmers Indirectly Exposed to Pesticides

Martín-Reina

Casanova

Dahiri

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…An agrochemical (agricultural chemical, agrichemical) refers to any chemical product used in agriculture and includes several classes such as antifeedants, antibiotics used in animal husbandry, bird repellents, chemosterilants, hormones, mating disruptors, plant activators, plant growth regulators, fumigants, pesticides, synthetic fertilisers and seed coatings ( Speight et al , 2017 ; Ravichandra, 2018 ). Agricultural pesticides are the most widely applied class of agrochemicals and are used to prevent, control, repel, or kill any pest that interferes with human activities (related to food production) or animals ( Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 2010 ; Manyilizu, 2019 ; Kass et al , 2020 ). They can be classified into different categories based on their target pests namely, acaricides, bactericides, fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, nematicides, molluscicides, rodenticides, and virucides to name a selection ( Speight et al , 2017 ; Kass et al , 2020 ).…”

Section: Agrochemicals In South Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Agricultural pesticides are the most widely applied class of agrochemicals and are used to prevent, control, repel, or kill any pest that interferes with human activities (related to food production) or animals ( Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 2010 ; Manyilizu, 2019 ; Kass et al , 2020 ). They can be classified into different categories based on their target pests namely, acaricides, bactericides, fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, nematicides, molluscicides, rodenticides, and virucides to name a selection ( Speight et al , 2017 ; Kass et al , 2020 ).…”

Section: Agrochemicals In South Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies reported that atrazine remained in the soil for up to four years after application, entering surface- and groundwater ( Farounbi and Ngqwala, 2020 ). Since atrazine is a known EDC ( Machete and Shadung, 2019 ) causing feminisation in X. laevis ( Hayes et al , 2010 ) and reproductive dysfunction in zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) ( Wirbisky et al , 2016 ), its environmental persistence ( Kass et al , 2020 ; Kunene and Mahlambi, 2020 ) can lead to potential toxic effects in other wildlife species.…”

Section: The Threat Of Current-use Triazine Herbicidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the endocrine system plays a fundamental role in maintaining important physiological processes, EDCs can interfere with normal hormone function, changing the physiology of an organism and disrupting homeostasis ( Gore et al , 2015 ) through various mechanisms of action. This can increase an individual’s disease susceptibility ( Bornman et al , 2017 ) and lead to various adverse health effects ( Karthikeyan et al , 2019 ) such as diabetes in humans ( Han et al , 2020 ), or respiratory problems and altered reproductive development ( Jacobsen et al , 2012 ; Teng et al , 2020 ), and neurodegenerative disorders ( Kass et al , 2020 ) in animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Agrochemicals in freshwater systems and their potential as endocrine disrupting chemicals: A South African context

Horak

Horn

Pieters

2021

Environmental Pollution

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South Africa is the largest agrochemical user in sub-Saharan Africa, with over 3 000 registered pesticide products. Although they reduce crop losses, these chemicals reach non-target aquatic environments via leaching, spray drift or run-off. In this review, attention is paid to legacy and current-use pesticides reported in literature for the freshwater environment of South Africa and to the extent these are linked to endocrine disruption. Although banned, residues of many legacy organochlorine pesticides (endosulfan and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)) are still detected in South African watercourses and wildlife. Several current-use pesticides (triazine herbicides, glyphosate-based herbicides, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and chlorpyrifos) have also been reported. Agrochemicals can interfere with normal hormone function of non-target organism leading to various endocrine disrupting (ED) effects: intersex, reduced spermatogenesis, asymmetric urogenital papillae, testicular lesions and infertile eggs. Although studies investigating the occurrence of agrochemicals and/or ED effects in freshwater aquatic environments in South Africa have increased, few studies determined both the levels of agricultural pesticides present and associated ED effects. The majority of studies conducted are either laboratory-based employing in vitro or in vivo bioassays to determine ED effects of agrochemicals or studies that investigate environmental concentrations of pesticides. However, a combined approach of bioassays and chemical screening will provide a more comprehensive overview of agrochemical pollution of water systems in South Africa and the risks associated with long-term chronic exposure.

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