Relationship between age and handgrip strength: Proposal of reference values from infancy to senescence

Gómez-Campos, Rossana; Espinoza, Rubén Vidal; Arruda, Miguel de; Ronque, Ênio Ricardo Vaz; Urra-Albornoz, Camilo; Minango, Juan Carlos; Alvear-Vasquez, Fernando; Choque, Christian de la Torre; Campos, Luis Felipe Castelli Correia de; Sulla-Torres, José; Cossío-Bolaños, Marco

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.1072684

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…There was no significant grip force difference between middle-aged and older participants. This finding is in common with Dodds and colleagues, as well as Gómez-Campos and colleagues, who described a peak grip force around the age of 40 years and a following decline (Dodds et al, 2014; Gómez-Campos et al, 2022). Nevertheless, another pattern appeared for the JTT, for which the performance was stable in the groups of young and middle-aged participants.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

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Age- and sex-related changes in motor functions: A Comprehensive Assessment and Component Analysis

Wunderle,

Kuzu,

Tscherpel

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Age-related motor impairments often cause caregiver dependency or even hospitalization. However, comprehensive investigations of the different motor abilities and the changes thereof across the adult lifespan remain sparse. We, therefore, extensively assessed essential basic and complex motor functions in 444 healthy adults covering a wide age range (range 21 to 88 years). Basic motor functions, here defined as simple isolated single or repetitive movements in one direction, were assessed by means of maximum grip strength (GS) and maximum finger-tapping frequency (FTF). Complex motor functions, comprising composite sequential movements involving both proximal and distal joints/muscle groups, were evaluated with the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), the Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test (JTT), and the Purdue Pegboard Test. Men achieved higher scores than women concerning GS and FTF, whereas women stacked more pins per time than men during the Purdue Pegboard Test. There was no significant sex effect regarding JTT. We observed a significant but task-specific reduction of basic and complex motor performance scores across the adult lifespan. Linear regression analyses significantly predicted the participants' ages based on motor performance scores (R2 = .502). Of note, the ratio between the left- and right-hand performance remained stable across ages for all tests. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed three motor components across all tests that represented dexterity, force, and speed. These components were consistently present in young (21 - 40 years), middle-aged (41 - 60 years), and older (61 - 88 years) adults, as well as in women and men. Based on the three motor components, K-means clustering analysis differentiated high- and low-performing participants across the adult life span. The rich motor data set of 444 healthy participants revealed age- and sex-dependent changes in essential basic and complex motor functions. Notably, the comprehensive assessment allowed for generating robust motor components across the adult lifespan. Our data may serve as a reference for future studies of healthy subjects and patients with motor deficits. Moreover, these findings emphasize the importance of comprehensively assessing different motor functions, including dexterity, force, and speed, to characterize human motor abilities and their age-related decline.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Furthermore, there are sex-specific differences for specific motor performance scores. For example, on average, men outperform women regarding grip strength, while women exhibit superior finger dexterity (Dodds et al, 2014; Gómez-Campos et al, 2022; Vasylenko et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age- and sex-related changes in motor functions: A Comprehensive Assessment and Component Analysis

Wunderle,

Kuzu,

Tscherpel

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Thus, physical conditions such as stroke and brain injury as well as loss of muscle mass and strength are risk factors for HGS asymmetry. HGS is influenced by age, increasing until 30 years of age and decreasing after 40 years of age (Gómez‐Campos et al, 2022). The age‐dependent decrease in muscle mass and function, known as Sarcopenia, is prevalent in patients with diabetes (Oyanagi et al, 2023).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HGS is influenced by age (Santos et al, 2020; Suetta et al, 2019; Zoico et al, 2004) and peaks at age 30 in both sexes (Gómez‐Campos et al, 2022) whereafter it begins to decline from ages 40 and 50 in women and men, respectively (Schlüssel et al, 2008). HGS abnormalities, including weak or asymmetric HGS, are common in older adults (Baek et al, 2022; Li et al, 2018; McGrath, Clark, et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors associated with weak and asymmetric handgrip strength in older Chinese adults

Weng,

Pu,

Wang

et al. 2023

American J Hum Biol

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ObjectivesThis study sought to investigate the potential risk factors associated with weak and asymmetric handgrip strength (HGS) in older Chinese adults.MethodsA total of 2702 participants aged ≥65 years from the two waves of data (2011 and 2013) from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were analyzed. The highest recorded HGS values (Method A) or the average HGS values (Method B) for the dominant hand were used to compute the HGS asymmetry (nondominant HGS/dominant HGS out of 0.9–1.1) and HGS weakness (male <28 kg, female <18 kg). Risk factors associated with the weak and asymmetric HGS were identified by logistic regression analysis.ResultsRisk factors associated with weak and asymmetric HGS of varying severity differed between the two methods. Both methods identified age and illiteracy as risk factors for weak HGS with 10%–20% asymmetry. Method A also identified speech impediment, stroke, and sleep duration as additional risk factors. Similarly, both methods identified age, illiteracy, primary school education and below, diabetes, and stroke as risk factors for weak HGS and asymmetry over 30.1%. Method B additionally identified a history of falls as a risk factor. However, apart from age, the risk factors for weak HGS with 20.1%–30% asymmetry differed between the two methods—Method A identified kidney disease, while Method B identified illiteracy and asthma.ConclusionsThe results revealed that risk factors associated with the abnormal HGS in older adults varied based on the methods used to define these conditions.

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“…HGS has been proposed as a biomarker of frailty and a powerful predictor of future morbidity and mortality ( 18 ). HGS naturally decreases with age and is usually lower in women; however, the relationship between chronological age and HGS is nonlinear and can vary between populations ( 18 , 19 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between low handgrip strength and metabolic syndrome in older adults: a systematic review

d'Avila,

Georges Moreira El Nabbout,

Georges Moreira El Nabbout

et al. 2024

Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Muscle weakness has been associated to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in the general population. However, it is still unclear whether this association is maintained in older adults. This study investigated correlations between low handgrip strength (HGS) and metabolic syndrome, or some of its components, in older adults through a systematic review of the literature. Searches were conducted in the Virtual Health Library Regional Portal, Scopus, Cochrane, Embase, MEDLINE/PubMed, SciELO, and Web of Science databases for relevant studies investigating muscle weakness (measured by hand dynamometer) and metabolic syndrome or its components in older adult populations, published up to September 2023. From the 2050 references initially identified, 20 studies, comprising a total of 31,264 older adults of both genders, completely met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Eighteen studies showed that lower HGS was associated with metabolic syndrome or some of its risk factors, such as abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, or high blood pressure. Two studies found that older men with high blood pressure had increased HGS. Most studies included in this systematic review revealed a significant correlation between reduced HGS and metabolic syndrome or some of its components, especially abdominal obesity and insulin resistance. We conclude that below-average HGS can be associated with metabolic syndrome in older adults.

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Relationship between age and handgrip strength: Proposal of reference values from infancy to senescence

Cited by 13 publications

References 35 publications

Age- and sex-related changes in motor functions: A Comprehensive Assessment and Component Analysis

Age- and sex-related changes in motor functions: A Comprehensive Assessment and Component Analysis

Risk factors associated with weak and asymmetric handgrip strength in older Chinese adults

Correlation between low handgrip strength and metabolic syndrome in older adults: a systematic review

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