Relationship between aerobic bacteria, salmonellae and Campylobacter on broiler carcasses

Cason, J. A.; Bailey, J. S.; Stern, N. J.; Whittemore, A. D.; Cox, N. A.

doi:10.1093/ps/76.7.1037

Cited by 67 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Our observations using cultural and genusspecific probe methods confirm that a significant reduction in campylobacter numbers occurred from postbleed to postpluck sampling points but that numbers stabilized at chilling, to give about 10 4 CFU/g skin, consistent with other studies (5,7,25,33).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Molecular Tracking, through Processing, of Campylobacter Strains Colonizing Broiler Flocks

Elvers

Morris

Newell

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Many of the poultry flocks produced in the United Kingdom are colonized with Campylobacter, and the intensive nature of poultry processing usually results in contaminated carcasses. In this study, a previously reported molecular oligonucleotide probe method was used to track a specific flock-colonizing strain(s) on broiler carcasses during processing in two United Kingdom commercial poultry processing plants. Five Campylobacter-positive flocks were sampled at four points along the processing line, postbleed, postpluck, prechill, and postchill, and two Campylobacter-negative flocks processed immediately after positive flocks were sampled prechill. flaA was sequenced from Campylobacter strains isolated from these flocks, and strain-specific probes were synthesized. Skin and cecal samples were plated onto selective agar to give individual colonies, which were transferred onto membranes. These were then hybridized with the strain-and genus-specific probes. For all the 5 positive flocks, there was a significant reduction in campylobacters postbleed compared to postpluck but no subsequent fall on sampling pre-and postchill, and the strain(s) predominating on the carcasses throughout processing came from the flock being processed. This indicates that strains from the abattoir environment were not a significant cause of carcass contamination in flocks with well-established campylobacter colonization. However, negative flocks that were preceded by positive flocks were contaminated by strains that did not generally originate from the predominating strains recovered from the ceca of the previous positive flocks. This suggests that the abattoir environment has a significant role in the contamination of carcasses from negative but not fully colonized flocks.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Molecular Tracking, through Processing, of Campylobacter Strains Colonizing Broiler Flocks

Elvers

Morris

Newell

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Given the relatively low numbers of Salmonella that normally contaminate the surface of chicken carcasses, (usually 1 to 30 CFU/100 g of skin, cited by Bryan and Doyle [9]), the present study has shown that this risk may be virtually eliminated by thorough application of a suspension of lytic phages. In one study (10), carcass Campylobacter counts were considerably higher, on the order of 10 5 to 10 6 CFU per carcass. However, this translates into a much lower number per cm 2 , which might nevertheless be amenable to this approach.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…CF17, 1999). In Campylobacter-positive flocks, almost all the birds are infected and carcasses are frequently contaminated with large numbers of bacteria (10,31).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unless the target bacterium is present in numbers in the gut of above ca. 10 6 CFU per gram of contents, phages appear to be unable to multiply (8,26,27). In addition, it has been demonstrated recently that rough mutants of Salmonella, which appear to be the phage-resistant mutants selected most frequently, are much less able to colonize the alimentary tract of poultry (11,33).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Reduction of ExperimentalSalmonellaandCampylobacterContamination of Chicken Skin by Application of Lytic Bacteriophages

Goode

Allen

Barrow

2003

Appl Environ Microbiol

340

207

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Lytic bacteriophages, applied to chicken skin that had been experimentally contaminated with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis or Campylobacter jejuni at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1, increased in titer and reduced the pathogen numbers by less than 1 log 10 unit. Phages applied at a MOI of 100 to 1,000 rapidly reduced the recoverable bacterial numbers by up to 2 log 10 units over 48 h. When the level of Salmonella contamination was low (< log 10 2 per unit area of skin) and the MOI was 10 5 , no organisms were recovered. By increasing the number of phage particles applied (i.e., MOI of 10 7 ), it was also possible to eliminate other Salmonella strains that showed high levels of resistance because of restriction but to which the phages were able to attach.

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“…Several investigators have reported a high prevalence of Campylobacter spp. through broiler chicken processing, such as on carcasses collected after defeathering (Cason et al, 1997;Franchin et al, 2007), after evisceration and after water chilling (Cason et al, 1997;Franchin et al, 2007), as well as in the final chilled product (Line, 2001). Consequently, undercooked and raw poultry meats are common vehicles for the transmission of human campylobacteriosis (Corry and Atabay, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter species isolated from chicken carcasses during processing in Iran

Rahimi

Momtaz

Ameri³

et al. 2010

Poultry Science

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The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spp. isolated from chicken carcasses during different stages of broiler processing in a major commercial poultry processing plant in southwestern Iran. Overall, 84 chicken carcasses were sampled from 4 sites along the processing line during a total of 7 visits. In addition, 14 water samples from the chiller tank were taken. Using the cultural method, 186 of 336 (55.4%) carcasses were positive for Campylobacter. Campylobacter jejuni was more frequently isolated (89.4%) than Campylobacter coli (10.6%). The frequency of Campylobacter spp. on carcasses was 54.8% after defeathering, 51.2% after evisceration, 69.0% 20 min after the chilling period started, and 46.4% 24 h after the chilling period completed. Campylobacter was positive in 85.7% of the samples taken from the chilling water. The frequency of Campylobacter spp.-positive carcasses was reduced in complete chilled chickens but not during the slaughtering process. Susceptibilities of Campylobacter isolates were determined for 10 antimicrobial drugs using the disk diffusion method. Of the 198 Campylobacter isolates tested, 92.9% were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents. Resistance to tetracycline was the most common finding (78.3%), followed by resistance to ciprofloxacin (62.1%), nalidixic acid (58.6%), and enrofloxacin (44.4%).

show abstract

Relationship between aerobic bacteria, salmonellae and Campylobacter on broiler carcasses

Cited by 67 publications

References 17 publications

Molecular Tracking, through Processing, of Campylobacter Strains Colonizing Broiler Flocks

Molecular Tracking, through Processing, of Campylobacter Strains Colonizing Broiler Flocks

Reduction of ExperimentalSalmonellaandCampylobacterContamination of Chicken Skin by Application of Lytic Bacteriophages

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter species isolated from chicken carcasses during processing in Iran

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