Relationship among Emulsion Type, Emulsion Stability and the Presence of Additives

Marszall, Leszek

doi:10.1002/lipi.19780800708

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 21 publications

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“…Various methods for determining the effective HLB value in the presence of additives have been described elsewhere (38). They include measurements of cloud point (13^8,51,52), phenol index (31,32,(34)(35)(36)38), emulsion inversion point (29,30), and phase inversion temperature (1,11,14,33,40,43,50,51).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloud point and phenol index of nonionic surfactants

Marszall¹,

Valkenburg²

1981

Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloud point and phenol index of nonionic surfactants

Marszall¹,

Valkenburg²

1981

Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev.

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The Determination of the Effective HLB of Nonionic Surfactants by a Phenol Titration II: The Effect of Several Hydroxy Compounds

Marszall¹

1980

Fette, Seifen, Anstrichm.

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The nonionic surfactants polyoxyethylene nonyl phenol ethers have been used as models for the investigation of the change of the effective HLB of surfactants under influence of several hydroxy compounds using the phenol index method. These water‐soluble additives include alcohols, glycols and glycol ethers. The change of the effective HLB of nonionic surfactant depends on the amounts and hydrophobicity of studied additives. In order to explain the change of the effective HLB of surfactants, the considerations based on the effects of the same additives on the micelle formation are also presented. These results are in remarkable agreement with the effects of the same substances on the effective HLB using other methods.

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The effect of glycols on the hydrophile‐lipophile balance and the micelle formation of nonionic surfactants

Marszall¹,

Valkenburg²

1982

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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The empirical hydrophile‐liophile balance (HLB) value of nonionic surfactants is an important parameter used to predict performance as, e.g., emulsifiers, solubilizers and wetting agents. However, the HLB value is based on an original molecular structure and does not take into account all the factors affecting the performance of nonionics, such as presence of additives, type of solvent, temperature, degree of hydration, structural modifications of the surfactant molecule and decomposition of surfactants. On a performance basis, where these factors come into play, a given nonionic surfactant may exhibit a multiplicity of apparent HLB values. Accordingly, we recently introduced the term “effective HLB value” which is a performance value which incorporates into the HLB the parameters listed above. The HLB value thus becomes a variable depending on the physical and chemical conditions at the time of the measurement. In this work, we investigated the effect of adding glycols and diglycols on the HLB using 3 different methods: cloud point, phenol index and critical micelle concentration (cmc). We found that this type of additive increases the cloud point, phenol index, cmc and the “effective HLB” of a polyoxyethylated nonionic surfactant. The effectiveness of the glycols in causing these increases was in the following order; dipropylene glycol > 1,4‐butanediol > 1,2‐propanediol > diethylene glycol > ethylene glycol. The solvent effect of glycols and diglycols on the hydrophobic and hydrophilic portions of the surfactant molecule are discussed. On the hydrocarbon part of the surfactant molecule, the solvents cause a weakening of the hydrophobic bond and an increase in the cmc. On the polyoxyethylene part of the molecule, the solvent may cause either an increase or a decrease in the cmc. The effect on the hydro‐philic portion is related to hydrogen bonding exhibited by the additives. The results obtained again suggest that the effective HLB value, which is a measure of the HLB under operative conditions, may be of greater practical significance than calculated HLB.

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Relationship among Emulsion Type, Emulsion Stability and the Presence of Additives

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Cloud point and phenol index of nonionic surfactants

Cloud point and phenol index of nonionic surfactants

The Determination of the Effective HLB of Nonionic Surfactants by a Phenol Titration II: The Effect of Several Hydroxy Compounds

The effect of glycols on the hydrophile‐lipophile balance and the micelle formation of nonionic surfactants

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