Abstract:Several soil conservation practices are used to reduce water erosion and ensure sustainable agriculture. An effective crop management practice is intercropping, in which two or more crops with different architectures and vegetative cycles are grown simultaneously in the same area. We hypothesized that intercropping of corn and jack-bean increases soil cover and reduce soil erosion by water in comparison to monocropping. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different crop systems on soil c… Show more
“…As soils, sediments and rocks from different locations in a catchment are characterized by different magnetic properties (Cervi, Maher, Poliseli, Souza, & Costa, 2019), and so such a technique can be used on different soil classes. The similarity of Catena A soil clay magnetic susceptibility values to those of the reservoir sediments (Figures 12 and 13) can be indicative of a higher erosion rate in Catena A than Catena B soils, as stated by Lima et al (2018) and A. M. Silva et al (2005), respectively. This finding is explained by the higher water infiltration in Catena B soils, a consequence of the granular structure compared with the blocky structure of Catena A soils, which promotes lower water infiltration and consequently higher runoff (Ferreira, Fernandes, & Curi, 1999).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 64%
“…The two dominant soils in the catchment are Typic Hapludox and Anionic Acrudox (E. Silva, 2018). Both highly eroded potential (A. M. Silva et al, 2005;Lima et al, 2018) soils were sampled through representative catenas under different land uses: native forest, crop, eucalyptus and native pasture (Table 1). Due to issues with permissions, the soils from catena B were located just outside the watershed boundary.…”
Determining the origin of eroded soil is essential to design effective soil erosion control strategies which preserve the soil resource, enhance agricultural productivity, and reduce the negative impacts of soil erosion, in-field and off-field. Magnetic properties have been widely used in temperate environments to identify sediment sources, pathways and links, but there have been very few applications in tropical and subtropical environments. Therefore, in this paper we investigated reservoir sediment sources in the Upper Grande River Basin, Southeastern Brazil, using sediment tracing techniques based on magnetic parameters (low and high frequency magnetic susceptibility, frequency dependent susceptibility). The different parent materials and subtropical weathering conditions resulted in soils having different Fe oxide minerals and Fe oxide contents, promoting magnetic variability that allowed comparison and identification of possible sources of reservoir sediments in order to reduce water erosion impacts. The results indicate the suitability of magnetic properties as a tracer for soil erosion studies in tropical environments.
“…As soils, sediments and rocks from different locations in a catchment are characterized by different magnetic properties (Cervi, Maher, Poliseli, Souza, & Costa, 2019), and so such a technique can be used on different soil classes. The similarity of Catena A soil clay magnetic susceptibility values to those of the reservoir sediments (Figures 12 and 13) can be indicative of a higher erosion rate in Catena A than Catena B soils, as stated by Lima et al (2018) and A. M. Silva et al (2005), respectively. This finding is explained by the higher water infiltration in Catena B soils, a consequence of the granular structure compared with the blocky structure of Catena A soils, which promotes lower water infiltration and consequently higher runoff (Ferreira, Fernandes, & Curi, 1999).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 64%
“…The two dominant soils in the catchment are Typic Hapludox and Anionic Acrudox (E. Silva, 2018). Both highly eroded potential (A. M. Silva et al, 2005;Lima et al, 2018) soils were sampled through representative catenas under different land uses: native forest, crop, eucalyptus and native pasture (Table 1). Due to issues with permissions, the soils from catena B were located just outside the watershed boundary.…”
Determining the origin of eroded soil is essential to design effective soil erosion control strategies which preserve the soil resource, enhance agricultural productivity, and reduce the negative impacts of soil erosion, in-field and off-field. Magnetic properties have been widely used in temperate environments to identify sediment sources, pathways and links, but there have been very few applications in tropical and subtropical environments. Therefore, in this paper we investigated reservoir sediment sources in the Upper Grande River Basin, Southeastern Brazil, using sediment tracing techniques based on magnetic parameters (low and high frequency magnetic susceptibility, frequency dependent susceptibility). The different parent materials and subtropical weathering conditions resulted in soils having different Fe oxide minerals and Fe oxide contents, promoting magnetic variability that allowed comparison and identification of possible sources of reservoir sediments in order to reduce water erosion impacts. The results indicate the suitability of magnetic properties as a tracer for soil erosion studies in tropical environments.
“…Table 4 Parameters and operating equations for the revised MMF model. Runoff transport capacity (kg m -2 ) C = product of the C and P factors of the USLE Sources: Morgan (2001Morgan ( , 2005 The model was applied at two set of replicate plots, which were part of an erosion monitoring experiment at the Lavras Federal University, Brazil (Lima et al, 2018) The model application within the GLUE methodology was performed under two different scenarios. For scenario I, all parameters considered uncertain were allowed to vary across the full range of possible values reported in the MMF guidelines, regardless of a strict physical meaning.…”
Section: Case Study: Applying Glue To the Revised Morgan-morgan-fineymentioning
As any model of real-world phenomena, soil erosion models must be tested against empirical evidence to have their performance evaluated. This is critical to develop knowledge and confidence in model predictions. However, evaluating soil erosion models is complicated due to the uncertainties involved in the estimation of model parameters and measurements of system responses. Here, we undertake a term co-occurrence analysis to investigate how model evaluation is approached in soil erosion research. The analysis illustrates how model testing is often neglected, and how model evaluation topics are segregated from current research interests. We perform a meta-analysis of model performance to understand the mechanisms that influence model predictive accuracy. Results indicate that different models do not systematically outperform each other, and that calibration seems to be the main mechanism of model improvement. We review how soil erosion models have been evaluated at different temporal and spatial scales, focusing on the methods, assumptions, and data used for model testing. We discuss the implications of uncertainty and equifinality in soil erosion models, and implement a case study of uncertainty assessment that enables models to be tested as hypotheses. A comment on the way forward for the evaluation of erosion models is presented, discussing philosophical aspects of hypothesis testing in environmental modelling. We refute the notion that soil erosion models can be validated, and emphasize the necessity of defining fit-for-purpose tests, based on multiple sources of data, that allow for a broad investigation of model usefulness and consistency.
“…Soil use and management impact its physical quality, mainly soil aeration. However, it also makes the soil susceptible to erosion above all for monocultures (Lima et al, 2018). Replacing native vegetation by forage palm crop, due to soil management necessary for cultivation, modifies the physical properties of the soil in ways that can make restoration of native forest impossible (Soares, 2018b).…”
The search for better living conditions has led the residents of the Brazilian semi-arid region to plant forage crops, leading to a gradual decrease in the native vegetation (Caatinga) of this region. The effects caused by the replacement of Caatinga with palm, for example, have been little studied, especially with regard to the physical and hydraulic properties of the soil. The objective of this study was to compare the physical-hydraulic characteristics of a litholic neosol in two areas having different vegetation cover: one area cultivated with forage palm (O. ficus-indica) and the other covered by native Caatinga. Differences in soil structure, especially in porosity, between the natural and cultivated soils were observed to control the hydrodynamic processes, resulting in changes in water retention curves and hydraulic conductivity. Natural soil presents low values of hydraulic conductivity when compared to those of cultivated soil. This increase is probably due to soil management required for forage palm cultivation. The natural soil structure, characterized by relatively low saturated hydraulic conductivity values, presents an infiltrability that favors surface runoff. Human activities in the study area have promoted changes in the soil’s physical attributes, decreasing density and increasing porosity. Consequently, there is an increase in water infiltration into the soil and a reduction of runoff in cultivated areas, confirming results obtained in previous studies.
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