Relations of gut liver axis components and gut microbiota in obese children with fatty liver: A pilot study

Pierri, Luca; Saggese, Pasquale; Nuzio, Salvatore Guercio; Troisi, Jacopo; Stasi, Martina Di; Poeta, Marco; Savastano, Riccardo; Marchese, Giovanna; Tarallo, Roberta; Massa, G; Ciccone, Vincenzo; Ziegenhardt, Doreen; Cavallo, Pierpaolo; Bergheim, Ina; Weisz, Alessandro; Vajro, Pietro

doi:10.1016/j.clinre.2018.03.015

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Moreover, bacterial fermentation of food substrate may contribute to the severity of NAFLD by increasing endogenous alcohol production and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and decreasing choline metabolism (67, 72, 73). In accordance with previous study (74), Pierri et al (75) observed that children with NAFLD showed more fermenting bacteria, particularly Escherichia species, and enhanced serum alcohol levels. Thus, although several potential pathogenetic mechanisms of NAFLD are emerging, it must be ackowledged that one factor is insufficient to drive liver disease progression, confirming its multifactorial nature.…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of Nafldsupporting

confidence: 90%

The Liver in Children With Metabolic Syndrome

2019

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is recognized as an emerging health risk in obese children and adolescents. NAFLD represents a wide spectrum of liver conditions, ranging from asymptomatic steatosis to steatohepatitis. The growing prevalence of fatty liver disease in children is associated with an increased risk of metabolic and cardiovascular complications. NAFLD is considered the hepatic manifestation of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and several lines of evidence have reported that children with NAFLD present one or more features of MetS. The pathogenetic mechanisms explaining the interrelationships between fatty liver disease and MetS are not clearly understood. Altough central obesity and insulin resistance seem to represent the core of the pathophysiology in both diseases, genetic susceptibility and enviromental triggers are emerging as crucial components promoting the development of NAFLD and MetS in children. In the present review we have identified and summarizied studies discussing current pathogenetic data of the association between NAFLD and MetS in children.

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Section: Pathogenesis Of Nafldsupporting

confidence: 90%

The Liver in Children With Metabolic Syndrome

2019

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“…GM plays an important role in different processes (metabolic, nutritional, physiological, and immunological) involved in maintaining a healthy status (69,74). Its qualitative and quantitative composition differs in the distinct parts of gastrointestinal (GI) tract because of the influences by different conditions [e.g., age, dietary habits, ethnicity, delivery mode, exposure to therapies, pathogens, and contact with several environmental stimuli (75)(76)(77)(78)]. Perturbation of GM composition, called "dysbiosis, " has been recognized in diseases associated not only with the GI tract [e.g., inflammatory bowel disease (79)] but also with systemic conditions such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, autism, depression, and NAFLD (80).…”

Section: Interaction Between Gut Microbiota Os and Intestinal Permementioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. An Updated Mini Review

et al. 2021

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a challenging disease caused by multiple factors, which may partly explain why it remains still orphan of an adequate therapeutic strategy. Herein we focus on the interplay between oxidative stress (OS) and the other causal pathogenetic factors. Different reactive oxygen species (ROS) generators contribute to NAFLD inflammatory and fibrotic progression, which is quite strictly linked to the lipotoxic liver injury from fatty acids and/or a wide variety of their biologically active metabolites in the context of either a two-hit or a (more recent) multiple parallel hits theory. An antioxidant defense system is usually able to protect hepatic cells from damaging effects caused by ROS, including those produced into the gastrointestinal tract, i.e., by-products generated by usual cellular metabolic processes, normal or dysbiotic microbiota, and/or diet through an enhanced gut–liver axis. Oxidative stress originating from the imbalance between ROS generation and antioxidant defenses is under the influence of individual genetic and epigenetic factors as well. Healthy diet and physical activity have been shown to be effective on NAFLD also with antioxidant mechanisms, but compliance to these lifestyles is very low. Among several considered antioxidants, vitamin E has been particularly studied; however, data are still contradictory. Some studies with natural polyphenols proposed for NAFLD prevention and treatment are encouraging. Probiotics, prebiotics, diet, or fecal microbiota transplantation represent new therapeutic approaches targeting the gut microbiota dysbiosis. In the near future, precision medicine taking into consideration genetic or environmental epigenetic risk factors will likely assist in further selecting the treatment that could work best for a specific patient.

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“…We have recently shown a complex network of urinary molecules prevalently represented by intestinally-derived bacterial products [14] which are correlated with the clinical phenotype and can differentiate between normal weight and obese children, distinguishing between those with and without liver involvement, based also on the characteristics of their gut-liver axis (GLA) function [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic Salivary Signature of Pediatric Obesity Related Liver Disease and Metabolic Syndrome

et al. 2019

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Pediatric obesity-related metabolic syndrome (MetS) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are increasingly frequent conditions with a still-elusive diagnosis and low-efficacy treatment and monitoring options. In this study, we investigated the salivary metabolomic signature, which has been uncharacterized to date. In this pilot-nested case-control study over a transversal design, 41 subjects (23 obese patients and 18 normal weight (NW) healthy controls), characterized based on medical history, clinical, anthropometric, and laboratory data, were recruited. Liver involvement, defined according to ultrasonographic liver brightness, allowed for the allocation of the patients into four groups: obese with hepatic steatosis ([St+], n = 15) and without hepatic steatosis ([St–], n = 8), and with (n = 10) and without (n = 13) MetS. A partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model was devised to classify the patients’ classes based on their salivary metabolomic signature. Pediatric obesity and its related liver disease and metabolic syndrome appear to have distinct salivary metabolomic signatures. The difference is notable in metabolites involved in energy, amino and organic acid metabolism, as well as in intestinal bacteria metabolism, possibly reflecting diet, fatty acid synthase pathways, and the strict interaction between microbiota and intestinal mucins. This information expands the current understanding of NAFLD pathogenesis, potentially translating into better targeted monitoring and/or treatment strategies in the future.

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Relations of gut liver axis components and gut microbiota in obese children with fatty liver: A pilot study

Cited by 14 publications

References 13 publications

The Liver in Children With Metabolic Syndrome

The Liver in Children With Metabolic Syndrome

Oxidative Stress in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. An Updated Mini Review

Metabolomic Salivary Signature of Pediatric Obesity Related Liver Disease and Metabolic Syndrome

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