Relations between the Structure and Electric Conductivity of Polyaniline Protonated with Camphorsulfonic Acid

Abstract

Polyaniline (PANI) protonated with camphorsulfonic acid (CSA) is one of the most promising conductive polymers due to its relatively high crystallinity, high electrical conductivity, and the metallic characteristics at high temperatures, i.e., a positive temperature coefficient of resistivity. The crystalline structure of this polymer system is still not known in detail; however, significant developments in this field have been achieved recently. In this work we present the results obtained for the series of 50 thin film samples of the PANI/CSA system, prepared under various conditions. These films were subjected to the X-ray diffraction study as well as electrical conductivity measurements. The results of this work clearly show that the conductivity of the samples strongly depends both on their degree of crystallinity and on the degree of order of the dopant anions. This ordering can be described quantitively by the relative intensity of properly selected diffraction reflections. Besides, some important conclusions concerning the anisotropy of the films subjected to the investigations may be drawn by comparison of the diffraction patterns obtained in a transmission and reflection geometry of diffraction.

Thermoelectric properties of conducting polyaniline/BaTiO3nanoparticle composite films

“…XRD patterns of BTO (PDF No: 031-0174) and CSA-doped PANI are also shown as references. The diffraction pattern of PANI is a typical amorphous pattern with several low and broad peaks, in agreement with the results reported by other groups [5,6]. In the CSA-doped PANI/BTO composite films, the relatively narrow diffraction peaks, which are superimposed on the background amorphous diffraction from PANI, can be assigned to those of BTO.…”

Tuning the work function of polyaniline via camphorsulfonic acid: an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigation

“…The X-ray spot size was set to 400 µm and pass energy of 200 eV. 46 An expanded coil conformation allows more interaction between adjacent chains and also results in the polaron band having a wider dispersion in energy leading to a higher electrical conductivity. The stage also includes a mounted gold foil standard for WF value calibration purposes.…”

Evaluation by tunneling effect for the temperature-dependent electric conductivity of polymer-carbon fiber composites with visco-elastic properties

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] The conductivity increase up to 0 1C by the enhancement of electron transport has been attributed to two mechanisms, electron hopping [13][14][15][16][17] and electron tunneling. [2][3][4][5][18][19][20][21][22] Electron hopping is thought to occur by two mechanisms. The first mechanism predominates at high temperatures at which there is sufficient excess thermal energy to excite the electrons into the conduction band, and the conductivity can be evaluated using Arrhenius plots.…”

“…That is, the logarithm of the Fermi-Dirac function was approximated as ÀE for Eo0 and 0 for E40 (where E denotes the electron energy in the tunneling direction) to facilitate numerical calculation. Sheng's theory has been appropriated in many studies, [2][3][4][5]7,[20][21][22] in conjunction with a parabolic potential barrier, to estimate the conductivity of polymer semi-conductive and conductive filler systems as a function of the absolute temperature T, that is, T 1 is related to the shape of the energy barrier to tunneling. However, the conductivity given by Equation (1) is only valid for a parabolic potential barrier.…”