Relations between source amnesia and frontal lobe functioning in older adults.

Craik, Fergus I. M.; Morris, Lorna W.; Morris, Robin G.; Loewen, E. Ruth

doi:10.1037/0882-7974.5.1.148

Cited by 275 publications

(200 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Our behavioral results indicated that older adults performed significantly worse on context, but not item, retrieval tasks compared with young adults. This result is consistent with prior source/context memory studies of healthy aging (Craik et al, 1990;Glisky et al, 2001;Cabeza et al, 2002;Cansino et al, 2010). In the following sections, we discuss our volumetric find- ings, the association between MFG volume and retrieval activity and memory performance in young adults, and how healthy aging changes in these patterns of association.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Age-Related Changes in Right Middle Frontal Gyrus Volume Correlate with Altered Episodic Retrieval Activity

Rajah¹,

Languay²,

Grady³

2011

J. Neurosci.

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Age-related deficits in episodic retrieval have been associated with volume reductions in the middle frontal gyrus (MFG). However, it remains unclear how this age-related reduction in MFG volume correlates with neural activity during retrieval. To address this, we conducted in vivo volumetry of the frontal cortex in young and older human adults and found more volume loss on the right than on the left MFG with age. We then examined how left and right MFG volume correlated with fMRI activity during successful retrieval of item, spatial context, and temporal context information in both age groups. In young adults, larger right MFG volume was positively correlated with greater activity in a commonly found episodic retrieval network that included bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and bilateral inferior parietal cortex. Within this network, left DLPFC and right inferior parietal cortex activity predicted memory performance. In older adults, a positive structure-function association in DLPFC for either left or right MFG/DLPFC was not observed. Instead, right MFG volume was negatively correlated with activity in several regions in older adults, including the parahippocampal cortex (PHC) and anterior cingulate. Less activity in the PHC region predicted better item memory, and less activity in the anterior cingulate predicted better spatial context accuracy in older adults. We conclude that age-related change in the structure-function association in MFG/DLPFC impacts retrieval activity and performance, and those older adults with larger right MFG volume attempt to compensate for this change by modifying activity in other brain regions to help retrieval performance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Age-Related Changes in Right Middle Frontal Gyrus Volume Correlate with Altered Episodic Retrieval Activity

Rajah¹,

Languay²,

Grady³

2011

J. Neurosci.

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“…Poorer performance by the elderly group on temporal discrimination was expected given demonstrationsof comparable phenomena in the elderly (e.g., Craik, Morris, Morris, & Loewen, 1990;McIntyre & Craik, 1987;Schacter, Harbluk, & Mclachlan, 1987). An interesting aspect of the data, however, was that impaired temporal discrimination in the elderly subjects was found when their recognition memory was equal to that of the young divided-attention subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age differences in implicit memory: More apparent than real

Russo

Parkin

1993

Memory & Cognition

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Elderly subjects and a group of young subjects identified fragmented picture sequences under conditions of focused attention. Two other groups of young subjects carried out this task under divided-attention conditions. Implicit memory, as measured by item-specific savings, was found in all groups, but this effect was smaller in the elderly group. The young subjects, but not elderly subjects, performed better on new items. The divided-attention conditions equated recall and recognition by the young and the elderly, but only the young subjects showed greater savings for recalled items. The elderly subjects' reduced implicit memory therefore stemmed from their inability to facilitate implicit memory with explicit memory. A second experiment, involving only young subjects tested after delay, produced findings similar to those for the young divided-attention subjects. Implicit memory, as measured by savings in picture completion, does not show an age-related change when the role of explicit memory is considered. Age does, however, reduce skill learning.

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“…Confabulation is observed in patients with Korsakoff syndrome (Dalla Barba, 1993;Moscovitch, 1995), while false recognition has been reported in a patient with right frontal lesion (Schacter, Curran, Galluccio, Milberg, & Bates, 1996) as well as in normal elderly subjects. Source amnesia, the inability to remember contextual information about the circumstances under which a particular fact was acquired, is impaired in dorsolateral prefrontal patients (Shimamura, 1996), elderly subjects (Craik, Morris, Morris, & Loewen, 1990), and young children (O'Neill & Gopnik, 1991).…”

Section: Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive Attention and Metacognitive Regulation

Fernandez-Duque

Baird

Posner

2000

Consciousness and Cognition

521

316

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Metacognition refers to any knowledge or cognitive process that monitors or controls cognition. We highlight similarities between metacognitive and executive control functions, and ask how these processes might be implemented in the human brain. A review of brain imaging studies reveals a circuitry of attentional networks involved in these control processes, with its source located in midfrontal areas. These areas are active during conflict resolution, error correction, and emotional regulation. A developmental approach to the organization of the anatomy involved in executive control provides an added perspective on how these mechanisms are influenced by maturation and learning, and how they relate to metacognitive activity. © 2000 Academic PressMetacognitively sophisticated children or adults are like busy executives, analyzing new problems, judging how far they are from the goal, allocating attention, selecting a strategy, attempting a solution, monitoring the success or failure of current performance, and deciding whether to change to a different strategy.-J. H. Flavell, P. H. Miller, and S. A. Miller, Cognitive Development

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Relations between source amnesia and frontal lobe functioning in older adults.

Cited by 275 publications

References 13 publications

Age-Related Changes in Right Middle Frontal Gyrus Volume Correlate with Altered Episodic Retrieval Activity

Age-Related Changes in Right Middle Frontal Gyrus Volume Correlate with Altered Episodic Retrieval Activity

Age differences in implicit memory: More apparent than real

Executive Attention and Metacognitive Regulation

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