Relations between occupational exposure to coal mine dusts, erythrocyte catalase and Cu++/Zn++ superoxide dismutase activities, and the severity of coal workers' pneumoconiosis.

Nadif, Rachel; Bourgkard, Ève; Dusch, Martine; Bernadac, P; Bertrand, Jean-Pierre; Mur, J. M.; Pham, Q T

doi:10.1136/oem.55.8.533

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…To our knowledge, this longitudinal study is the first to describe associations between changes, from exposure to retirement and stopping smoking, and an increase in Se concentration in coal miners. This study extends previous knowledge14 and better shows the effect of exposure to coal dust on Se concentration.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Cross sectional and longitudinal study on selenium, glutathione peroxidase, smoking, and occupational exposure in coal miners

Nadif

Mp²,

Fradier-Dusch³

et al. 2001

Occup Environ Med

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Objectives-To understand the variations of selenium (Se) concentration relative to changes in occupational exposure to coal dust, taking into account age and changes in smoking habits in miners surveyed twice, in 1990 and 1994. To better understand the relation of Se concentration with glutathione peroxidase activities (GSHPx) in these miners. Methods-In 1994, blood samples were obtained from active (n=131) and retired (n=40) miners without coal worker's pneumoconiosis, in whom Se concentration was available at both surveys and in whom International Labour Organisation (ILO) profusion grade had not been changed. Active miners were exposed to high dust concentrations (n=48) or low dust concentrations (n=83). Miners were classified into three subgroups according to their estimated cumulative exposure to dust, and into three subgroups according to their smoking habits. Results-Selenium concentration and GSH-Px activities were significantly lower in active than in retired miners (Se adjusted means: 62.6 v 72.2 ng/ml p=0.01). Moreover, Se concentration was lower in miners exposed to high compared with those exposed to low dust concentrations (adjusted means: 59.4 v 65.8). In miners exposed to high dust concentrations, Se concentration was significantly lower whereas erythrocyte GSH-Px activity was significantly higher in the subgroup with estimated cumulative exposure >68 mg/ m 3 .y. In all miners, plasma GSH-Px activity was correlated with Se concentration (r=0.22, p<0.005). The 4 year Se changes were negatively related to exposure to high dust concentrations and positively related to change in exposure from high to retirement and to change from smoker to ex-smoker (p=0.01). Conclusion-The variations of Se concentration in relation to changes in occupational exposure to coal dust and in smoking habits, and the close correlation found between plasma Se concentration and GSH-Px activity suggest that both are required in antioxidant defence. These results agree well with the hypothesis that the decrease in Se concentration reflects its use against reactive oxygen species generated by exposure to coal mine dust and by smoking. (Occup Environ Med 2001;58:239-245)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…In 1996, an exposure-effect relation between exposure to coal dust and Se concentration was found 14. The lowest Se values were found for miners with both long term and current exposure, the highest for those never or slightly exposed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Cross sectional and longitudinal study on selenium, glutathione peroxidase, smoking, and occupational exposure in coal miners

Nadif

Mp²,

Fradier-Dusch³

et al. 2001

Occup Environ Med

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“…In this study (Figure 1), decreased activities of enzymatic and nonenzymatic (e.g., α-tocopherol) antioxidants were found compared to controls. Normal concentrations of SOD are essential for pulmonary defense against oxygen toxicity, and a decrease in the activity of that enzyme is linked with sensitivity to pulmonary oxygen toxicity (Tsan, 1997;Nadif et al, 1998). Impairment of this enzyme, increased production of reactive oxygen metabolites, and the large quantities of superoxide would result in formation of the highly oxidizing peroxynitrite from NO (Van Dyke et al, 1994;Pryor & Squadrito, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Serum Clara-Cell Protein and β₂-Microglobulin as Early Markers of Occupational Exposure to Nitric Oxides

Hałatek

Gromadzińska

Wąsowicz

et al. 2005

Inhalation Toxicology

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Biochemical effects of NOx on 60 workers (both genders) of nitric acid production were studied. The control group consisted of 61 nonexposed people employed elsewhere in the plant. Although the actual threshold limit valuetime weighted averages (TLV-TWA) were not exceeded in the specific conditions of our study, the subjects were exposed to NO2 and NO during several exposure episodes with peak maximal concentrations of 140 ppm and 515 ppm, respectively. Additional cross-week evaluation of several biochemical biomarkers in 15 NOx-exposed workers from one shift was performed. The objective of the study was to evaluate the value of serum Clara-cell protein (CC16) as a marker of bronchoalveolar epithelium activity. Antioxidant status was assessed by measuring activity of enzymes: glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), ceruloplasmin (Cp) in plasma, or superoxide dismutase (SOD), gluthatione S-transferase (GST), and nonenzymatic alpha-tocopherol in erythrocytes and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in plasma. Serum hyaluronic acid (HA) determining the connective tissue matrix status of airways, and beta2-microglobulin in serum (beta2M-S) and urine (beta2M-U) as a marker of renal function in occupational exposure to NOx were also employed. Exposure to NOx initiates peroxidative chain depleting of lipoprotein pool (alpha-tocopherol) in blood. Serum CC16 levels in NOx-exposed workers were found to be closely connected with alpha-tocopherol content. In NOx-exposed workers, the beta2M-S level was significantly higher than in the nonexposed ones, with the exception of smokers. Results of the cross-week study confirm cumulative systemic effects of NOx on several examined biomarkers. SOD and GST were found to be depleted. A transient higher level of HA after a 5-d shift significantly inversely correlated with CC16 level. The data imply that NOx-depleted levels of CC16 are detectable already after an 8-h shift. Our results demonstrate that even low NOx human exposure can cause characteristic changes in bronchiolar epithelium cells and renal effects. Serum CC16 level, although a nonspecific marker, was lowest in NOx-exposed subjects. The most sensitive parameters in exposed workers were beta2M-S and a-tocopherol. Spirometric assessment was not useful to describe low occupational exposure to NOx. In studying the effects of NOx on biomarkers, it is essential to carefully select suitable time of sampling. Screening of CC16, beta2M-S, and a-tocopherol can be successfully employed for biological monitoring of exposure to NOx.

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“…It is recognized that the pulmonary function and CC16 are affected also by PAH found in the smelting room atmosphere [23,59]. In the study by Nadif [60], SOD activities are more closely related to recent exposure to high dust concentrations than to the cumulative exposure and could be considered for use as a biological marker of exposure. Our results, the first to refer to the workers exposed to Al foundry dusts, support evidence that CC16 plays a role in the modulation of pulmonary allergic inflammation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Clara Cell Protein as an Indicator of Pulmonary Impairment in Occupational Exposure at Aluminum Foundry

Hałatek¹,

Trzcinka-Ochocka²,

Matczak³

et al. 2006

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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Objectives: Although some of the exposures in aluminum (Al) smelting have been well characterized, and respiratory disorders in aluminum production workers are well known, the relationship between internal aluminum loads and appropriate lung biomarkers have not been elucidated. The aim of our work was to carry out a comprehensive investigation in workers employed in the Aluminum Foundry Casting Department with special reference to currently existing hygiene standards, known as threshold limit values (TLV) based on aluminum effects on the respiratory system. The measurement of serum anti-inflammatory Clara cell protein (CC16) was employed as a peripheral marker of the lung epithelium function. Materials and Methods: A group of 50 casting smelters, 5 locksmiths, 11 sawyers and auxiliary workers exposed to dust containing 14% of aluminum, and a group of 42 controls were examined. Respiratory function tests were performed and forced volume capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ), forced expiratory volume in the first percent (FEV 1 %), forced expiratory flows in 50% VC (FEV 50 ), and markers of foundry workers' exposure and body burden, Al concentration in the breathing zone, blood and urine, biomarkers of the effects of exposure, concentration of CC16 and hyaluronic acid (HA) in serum were determined in all examined workers. Additional measurements comprised determinations of serum iron (Fe) levels, myeloperoxidase (MPO), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), immunoglobulin E (IgE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in erythrocytes. Results: The group of casting smelters was characterized by the highest levels of aluminum in urine (Al-U) (43.7 mg L -1 ), high levels of MPO, ECP and IgE, high SOD activity, low CC16 levels, and low activity of GST. Lower Al-U excretion was observed in locksmiths (35.2 mg L -1 ) and sawyers (21.7 mg L -1 ). Serum CC16 proved to be the most sensitive biomarker, showing high inverse relationship with serum Al (Al-S) concentrations in casting smelters (p = 0.006). Conclusions: The study showed that in conditions of occupational exposure, dusts containing Al 2 O 3 < 1 mg m -3 cause changes in the respiratory system and biomarkers in serum, especially in CC16, connected with altered functioning of this system. Changes in concentrations of the examined biomarkers and also in respiratory parameters of the study subjects were observed when Al-U concentration was > 40 mg L -1 .

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Relations between occupational exposure to coal mine dusts, erythrocyte catalase and Cu++/Zn++ superoxide dismutase activities, and the severity of coal workers' pneumoconiosis.

Cited by 25 publications

References 28 publications

Cross sectional and longitudinal study on selenium, glutathione peroxidase, smoking, and occupational exposure in coal miners

Cross sectional and longitudinal study on selenium, glutathione peroxidase, smoking, and occupational exposure in coal miners

Serum Clara-Cell Protein and β₂-Microglobulin as Early Markers of Occupational Exposure to Nitric Oxides

Serum Clara Cell Protein as an Indicator of Pulmonary Impairment in Occupational Exposure at Aluminum Foundry

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Relations between occupational exposure to coal mine dusts, erythrocyte catalase and Cu++/Zn++ superoxide dismutase activities, and the severity of coal workers' pneumoconiosis.

Cited by 25 publications

References 28 publications

Cross sectional and longitudinal study on selenium, glutathione peroxidase, smoking, and occupational exposure in coal miners

Cross sectional and longitudinal study on selenium, glutathione peroxidase, smoking, and occupational exposure in coal miners

Serum Clara-Cell Protein and β2-Microglobulin as Early Markers of Occupational Exposure to Nitric Oxides

Serum Clara Cell Protein as an Indicator of Pulmonary Impairment in Occupational Exposure at Aluminum Foundry

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Product

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Serum Clara-Cell Protein and β₂-Microglobulin as Early Markers of Occupational Exposure to Nitric Oxides