Relations Between Bulk Precipitation, PM10 Composition and Meteorological Conditions in the Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica

Abstract

, acted as acid neutralizers and buffered the acidity of bulk precipitation. Meteorological conditions presented during the events determine the composition of bulk precipitation samples.

Prediction of atmospheric corrosion from meteorological parameters: Case of the atmospheric basin of the Costa Rican Western Central Valley

“…Due to the climatic and orographic conditions of the WCV, this area can be considered as an Atmospheric Basin (AB). Here the climatic variability, circulation, and dispersion of air pollutants are largely driven by the prevalent direction of winds and orography (Zárate, 1980;Muñoz et al, 2002;Caetano and Iniestra, 2008;INE-DGICUR-DICA, 2009;Herrera-Murillo et al, 2012;SEMARNAT-INECC, 2016).…”

Scavenging of Nitrogen From the Atmosphere by Atmospheric (Rain and Snow) and Occult (Dew and Frost) Precipitation: Comparison of Urban and Nonurban Deposition Profiles

“…Removal of N compounds from the atmosphere goes under a fusion process occurring between the gas particles or particulates and precipitation molecules as the result of collision and coalescence processes, as well as in-cloud and below-cloud scavenging processes, during precipitation's entire lifetime (Franklin, 2014;Jung et al, 2003;Murillo et al, 2012). Various factors influencing these processes have been investigated in detailed (i) characteristic of precipitation, for example, intensity (Elperin et al, 2016;Jung et al, 2003), rainfall rate (Ferm, 1998;Hannemann et al, 1996), raindrop size (Ebert et al, 1998;Jung et al, 2003), and ice particles properties (Jin & Chu, 2007); (ii) characteristics of the constituents, for example, chemistry (Fuzzi et al, 1994, Behera et al, 2013, emission (Fagerli & Aas, 2008;Luo et al, 2014), and daily fluxes (Rubio et al, 2002); and (iii) meteorological condition, for example, atmospheric circulation and air temperature (Hongisto & Joffre, 2005;Murillo et al, 2012). Pools and fluxes of different N-species via atmospheric precipitation have been also explored: below-cloud scavenging of HNO 3 and NO 3 during rainfall (Calderón et al, 2008); heterogeneous formation processes influence on NO 2 concentration in atmospheric liquid phase (Acker et al, 2008); in-cloud multiphase distribution of NH 3 /NH 4 + , HNO 3 /NO 3 -, and HNO 2 /NO 2 - (Fuzzi et al, 1994); SO 2 /NH 3 /CO 2 plume uptake versus raindrop size (Hannemann et al, 1996); and fluxes of NO, NO 2 , HONO, HNO 3 , NH 3 , NH 4 + , and NO 3 in the atmosphere (Trebs et al, 2006).…”

“…Wet atmospheric precipitation brings to life in the upper atmosphere via a long-term process, whereas the water droplets or crystals form on condensation nuclei as a result of adiabatic cooling and undergo subsequent growth. Removal of N compounds from the atmosphere goes under a fusion process occurring between the gas particles or particulates and precipitation molecules as the result of collision and coalescence processes, as well as in-cloud and below-cloud scavenging processes, during precipitation's entire lifetime (Franklin, 2014;Jung et al, 2003;Murillo et al, 2012). Various factors influencing these processes have been investigated in detailed (i) characteristic of precipitation, for example, intensity (Elperin et al, 2016;Jung et al, 2003), rainfall rate (Ferm, 1998;Hannemann et al, 1996), raindrop size (Ebert et al, 1998;Jung et al, 2003), and ice particles properties (Jin & Chu, 2007); (ii) characteristics of the constituents, for example, chemistry (Fuzzi et al, 1994, Behera et al, 2013, emission (Fagerli & Aas, 2008;Luo et al, 2014), and daily fluxes (Rubio et al, 2002); and (iii) meteorological condition, for example, atmospheric circulation and air temperature (Hongisto & Joffre, 2005;Murillo et al, 2012).…”