Being incarcerated is an extraordinary experience in an extremely inhospitable and oppressive environment and involves a complex web of problems for prisoners. Both the pre‐institutional interpersonal experiences and identities women bring to prison and the prisons' inherent dilemmas, such as the inmate culture or the coercive nature of staff–inmate relationships, shape how women experience prison and
do their time
. Along with the feelings of restraint and deprivation that every prisoner encounters, plenty of women face a number of additional “pains of imprisonment” as a result of their unique backgrounds, circumstances, and sex‐ and gender‐specific needs, especially those inmates who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or menstruating. However, female prisoners are a heterogeneous group of individuals with a considerable diversity in characteristics and concerns. Thus, incarceration is experienced in many different ways because certain elements of the correctional setting might be very emotionally charged for some inmates, while for others it may not be significant. Many women actively shape their prison experience, exercising autonomy by choosing particular ways to adapt to their carceral lives, even though imprisonment generally mutes individual agency and rather encourages passivity. Particularly the deficiency of knowledge about female inmates' subjective accounts of prison experiences necessitates a continuing scholarly debate.