Relational processing following stroke

Andrews, Glenda; Halford, Graeme S.; Shum, David; Maujean, Annick; Chappell, Mark; Birney, Damian P.

doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2012.09.003

Cited by 14 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This difference in difficulty has been shown using many dependent variables, including word-by-word reading times (Caplan, DeDe, Waters, Michaud, & Tripodis, 2011; King & Just, 1991), eye-movements during reading (Traxler, Williams, Blozis, & Morris, 2005), true/false comprehension questions (Gordon, Hendrick, & Levine, 2002; King & Just, 1991), and comprehension questions assessing understanding of thematic roles (Andrews, Birney, & Halford, 2006; Andrews et al, 2013; Andrews & Todd, 2008; Hansell et al, 2015). These differences in difficulty are attributed to the greater syntactic complexity of object-relative than subject-relative sentences (Frazier, 1985; Gibson, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Resolving Conflicts Between Syntax and Plausibility in Sentence Comprehension

Andrews

Ogden

Halford

2017

ACP

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Comprehension of plausible and implausible object- and subject-relative clause sentences with and without prepositional phrases was examined. Undergraduates read each sentence then evaluated a statement as consistent or inconsistent with the sentence. Higher acceptance of consistent than inconsistent statements indicated reliance on syntactic analysis. Higher acceptance of plausible than implausible statements reflected reliance on semantic plausibility. There was greater reliance on semantic plausibility and lesser reliance on syntactic analysis for more complex object-relatives and sentences with prepositional phrases than for less complex subject-relatives and sentences without prepositional phrases. Comprehension accuracy and confidence were lower when syntactic analysis and semantic plausibility yielded conflicting interpretations. The conflict effect on comprehension was significant for complex sentences but not for less complex sentences. Working memory capacity predicted resolution of the syntax-plausibility conflict in more and less complex items only when sentences and statements were presented sequentially. Fluid intelligence predicted resolution of the conflict in more and less complex items under sequential and simultaneous presentation. Domain-general processes appear to be involved in resolving syntax-plausibility conflicts in sentence comprehension.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Resolving Conflicts Between Syntax and Plausibility in Sentence Comprehension

Andrews

Ogden

Halford

2017

ACP

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“…To the extent that age differences persist even after this modification or other modifications, they might reflect a maturation-based limit in the capacity to represent rule hierarchies and ternary relations that are accessible to conscious awareness. Further development of this capacity might require maturation of prefrontal regions of the brain, which have been implicated in relational processing (e.g., Andrews, Halford, Chappell, Maujean, & Shum, 2014;Andrews et al, 2013;Bunge & Zelazo, 2006;Crone et al, 2009;Kroger et al, 2002). For 4-year-olds, prior experience with the binary-relational versions was sufficient to produce advantageous responding on the ternary-relational CGT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving children’s affective decision making in the Children’s Gambling Task

Andrews

Moussaumai

2015

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology

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“…This observation begs further investigation, particularly regarding the role of processing speed in fluid intelligence (Conway et al, 2002). Our development of a time-restricted, reliable version of the LST may be of interest to clinicians who wish to examine cognitive reasoning efficiently in patient groups (e.g., Andrews et al, 2013), and to those undertaking brain imaging investigations in which short trial durations permit the completion of more repetitions in the scanner.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paradigm greater complexity problems are associated with increased reaction time and decreased accuracy (Andrews and Halford, 1998;Birney and Bowman, 2009;Maybery et al, 1986). This 'complexity effect' has been shown across multiple cognitive domains, including language, spatial reasoning and working memory (Andrews et al, 2013Andrews and Halford, 1998;Birney et al, 2006;Hansell et al, 2015;Maybery et al, 1986). examples from the n-term task.…”

Section: Complexitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterisation of Functional Brain Networks underlying Cognitive Reasoning and Intelligence

Hearne¹

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Intelligence is a general mental capacity that encompasses the ability to plan, problem-solve, reason, think abstractly and comprehend complex relations between concepts. Measured via complex, multistep reasoning tasks, individual differences in intelligence scores are highly predictive of a number of crucial life outcomes. Despite many decades of research, however, the neural bases of intelligence and reasoning abilities are not well understood. Early neuroimaging and lesion studies suggested that regions of the prefrontal cortex are exclusively responsible for intelligent behaviour and higher cognitive reasoning abilities. More recently, however, investigators have conceptualized intelligence as relying upon a widely distributed network of interconnected nodes. The aim of my thesis was to investigate human reasoning and intelligence within this newer, network-centric framework. I conducted a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments to characterize relevant networks in the brain, and related these networks to reasoning task performance, individual differences in intelligence, and the breakdown of reasoning ability amongst individuals with developmental anomalies in brain wiring.The thesis is organized into seven chapters. In the first chapter, I introduce the research question in the context of previous literature that has investigated the brain-basis of reasoning and intelligence by measuring brain activity using fMRI. In doing so, I discuss the origins of intelligence, why task complexity matters, as well as modern in-vivo brain imaging techniques and their biological basis. I then present the concepts of brain network organization, connectivity and graph theory as a relatively untapped avenue to explain higher cognitive reasoning. Armed with this new framework for understanding the brain, I discuss a number of studies that have used this approach to inform the key questions investigated in this thesis.In Chapter 2 I employed an individual-differences approach to investigate the relationship between 'resting-state' baseline functional networks and commonly used measures of intelligence.Previous work has implicated a fronto-parietal network of brain regions that support higher cognitive reasoning, formalized in the parieto-frontal theory of intelligence. However, existing evidence for the fronto-parietal theory is mixed, at least with respect to findings from connectivity studies. To address this issue, I undertook a quantitative summary of previous literature and performed an empirical analysis of data from a large cohort of individuals (N = 317) sourced from the Human Connectome Project. I found that connectivity between the default-mode and fronto-parietal networks best explained individual differences in intelligence.In Chapter 3 I investigated the relationship between default-mode and cognitive control networks during a complex reasoning task. Participants completed a modified version of the classic Wason Selection Task, a measure of relational reasoning, in which the num...

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Relational processing following stroke

Cited by 14 publications

References 40 publications

Resolving Conflicts Between Syntax and Plausibility in Sentence Comprehension

Resolving Conflicts Between Syntax and Plausibility in Sentence Comprehension

Improving children’s affective decision making in the Children’s Gambling Task

Characterisation of Functional Brain Networks underlying Cognitive Reasoning and Intelligence

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