Relational and overt forms of peer victimization: A multiinformant approach.

Abstract

This research addressed 2 limitations of past research on peer victimization: the tendency to study boys only and the tendency to focus on forms of peer maltreatment that are common in boys' peer groups (victimization through overt aggression) but occur much less frequently in girls' peer groups. Peer- and self-report instruments were used to assess a relational form of victimization in addition to the overt form that has been the focus of past research. Results showed that girls were more relationally victimized, whereas boys were more overtly victimized. Both forms of victimization were shown to predict concurrent sociopsychological adjustment problems significantly (e.g., peer rejection, loneliness) beyond aggression. Victims identified through a combination of self- and peer-reports were particularly maladjusted.

Personal and familial predictors of peer victimization trajectories from primary to secondary school.

“…Based on the highest PREDICTORS OF PEER VICTIMIZATION TRAJECTORIES 12 factor loadings reported by Crick and Bigbee (1998), we used four out of the five items from the Relational Victimization subscale and three out of the four items from the Overt Victimization subscale of the SEQ. We adapted some of the wording slightly to facilitate comprehension in our sample, e.g.…”

Prosocial Behavior as a Protective Factor for Children’s Peer Victimization

“…These varied effects often include lowered self-esteem (Prinstein et al, 2001), depressive symptoms (Crick & Bigbee, 1998;Prinstein et al, 2001), loneliness (Boivin & Hymel, 1997), social withdrawal (Crick & Bigbee, 1998), anxiety (Nishina et al, 2005), decreased academic engagement and lowered academic achievement (Buhs & Ladd, 2001). Findings further suggest that those experiencing chronic victimization are at an even higher risk for these outcomes (Holt & Espelage, 2003).…”

The Broader Context of Relational Aggression in Adolescent Romantic Relationships: Predictions from Peer Pressure and Links to Psychosocial Functioning

“…Studies in the peer context have revealed that both relationally aggressive children and youth who are victimized by relational aggression are more likely to be depressed, lonely, anxious, and socially isolated by their peers (Crick and Grotpeter 1995;Crick and Bigbee 1998;Prinstein et al 2001). In a sample of college students, Werner and Crick (1999) found that young adults described as relationally aggressive by their peers displayed more antisocial and borderline personality features, including difficulties managing anger, tempestuous interpersonal relationships, and higher levels of impulsive and selfdestructive behavior.…”