Relational and non‐relational memory – electrophysiological correlates of novelty detection, repetition detection and subsequent memory

Abstract

The dissociability of novelty detection in relational (RM) and non-relational memory (NRM) is currently under debate. To further address the time courses and underlying brain correlates of novelty detection, event-related potentials (ERPs) were analysed for encoding and retrieval on three memory tasks in healthy subjects. Spatial and non-spatial RM as well as NRM were assessed separately. The ERPs related to RM and NRM were dissociable for hits and correct rejections in an early and late time window. An early old/new effect was observed for NRM. A late old/new effect replicated the frequently reported recollection-associated old/new effect in terms of direction and amplitudes. Four different novelty types (spatial relational, non-spatial relational, horizontal non-relational and inverted non-relational) were examined. The P3a related to novelty detection differed in horizontal vs. inverted distractors in NRM, but not in spatial vs. non-spatial RM. ERPs for repetition detection (hits during retrieval) and also for subsequent hits (encoding phase) differed between RM and NRM. These findings are discussed in relation to potential brain correlates in RM and NRM during encoding and retrieval.

Asymmetric hemispheric contribution to ERPs in associative memory indexes goal relevance and quantity of information

“…It is not yet clear, however, how laterality of event-related potentials (ERP) is related to explicit memory processing. Two lateralized effects show a remarkable consistency across studies: a late right frontal old/new effect during retrieval [1][2][3][4][5][6] and a left negativity followed by a sustained positivity during associative encoding [4,[7][8][9][10][11][12]. The next paragraphs will shortly outline the models put forward to explain these effects.…”

Mapping Brain Activity During Loss of Situation Awareness

“…• BA5 (with BA7), superior parietal lobule: spatial perception and imagery (Thompson, Slotnick, Burrage, & Kosslyn, 2009;Wenger et al, 2012) • BA17, primary visual/striate cortex (V1): primary visual processing (Amunts, Malikovic, Mohlberg, Schormann, & Zilles, 2000) • BA18 and BA19, extra-striate occipital cortex (precuneus, cuneus, lingual gyrus, lateral occipital gyrus): color, shape, motion perception; contour integration (Tanskanen, Saarinen, Parkkonene, & Hari, 2008;Thompson et al, 2009); figural/spatial reasoning (Goel, Gold, Kapur, & Houle, 1998) • BA20, inferotemporal cortex: high-level visual processing and memory, including for color; visual categorization (Afifi & Bergman, 2005;Visser, Jefferies, & Lambon Ralph, 2010) • BA29 and BA30, part of retrosplenial cortex: episodic memory (Maguire, 2001) but also high-level visual scene integration (invariant representation; Bar & Aminoff, 2003;Henderson, Larson, & Zhu, 2008;Park & Chun, 2009;Vann, Aggleton, & Maguire, 2009) • BA35 and BA36, perirhinal cortex: object recognition but also complex visual feature binding (color, etc.) and discrimination; figure-ground perception (Barense, Ngo, Hung, & Peterson, 2011;Bellgowan, Buffalo, Bodurka, & Martin, 2009;Bussey, Saksida, & Murray, 2005;Lee et al, 2005;Murray & Richmond, 2001;Staresina & Davachi, 2008) • BA37, inferotemporal region: color/shape binding, attention, memory, and judgments (Kastner & Ungerleider, 2000;Soie, Bellebaum, & Daum, 2009) (b) Working/declarative memory (all levels SA)…”

Optimal Predictive Control of Wheel Loader Transmissions

“…There are several more advanced methods for detecting repetition, such as those used in e.g. [1], [33], [60], [96] and [88], that could be expected to improve the detection. The positive results from the simple detector described here indicate that a practical repetition detector can be constructed.…”