Relational Aggression, Overt Aggression, and Friendship

Grotpeter, Jennifer K.; Crick, Nicki R.

doi:10.2307/1131626

Cited by 299 publications

(269 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Intimacy is a key attribute in peer relationships that facilitates relationally aggressive acts. Indeed, relationally aggressive girls were more likely to report friend intimacy in their dyadic friendships than non-relationally aggressive girls (Grotpeter and Crick 1996). Taken together, these findings suggest that network features common among girls are likely to lead to increased levels of intimacy, and improved facilitation of relationally aggressive behaviors.…”

Section: The Effects Of ''Female'' Network Features On the Ratio Of Rmentioning

confidence: 81%

Why Social Networks Matter: A Structural Approach to the Study of Relational Aggression in Middle Childhood and Adolescence

Neal

2007

Child Youth Care Forum

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Prior studies have addressed the influence of individual-level demographic variables on relational aggression among children and adolescents, resulting in little information about effective points of intervention. This paper argues that the inherently social nature of relational aggression warrants an examination of the effects of peer social network features on these behaviors. Specifically, the paper reframes the literature linking two individual-level variables (sex and age) to relational aggression from a contextual perspective that considers peer social networks. Moreover, the paper offers implications regarding how these reframed findings can be applied to the development of effective prevention and intervention programs and future research efforts.Early characterizations and empirical studies of childhood aggression focused exclusively on physical (e.g., hitting, shoving, kicking) and verbal (e.g., threats of physical aggression, yelling) forms of aggression (see Parke and Slaby 1983 for review). In contrast, recent definitions of childhood aggression have recognized that children and adolescents may also inflict harm by damaging their peers' social relationships. This paper examines such relational forms of aggression. Specifically, in order to identify more effective points of intervention, the paper introduces a structural framework that considers the influence of peer social networks on relational forms of aggression among children and adolescents.Relational forms of aggression include deliberate behaviors designed to harm others through subtle injury to peer relationships such as rumor spreading, social exclusion, and betrayal of trust. Researchers have discussed these behaviors using three overlapping constructs: relational aggression (e.g., Crick and Grotpeter 1995), indirect aggression

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Section: The Effects Of ''Female'' Network Features On the Ratio Of Rmentioning

confidence: 81%

Why Social Networks Matter: A Structural Approach to the Study of Relational Aggression in Middle Childhood and Adolescence

Neal

2007

Child Youth Care Forum

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“…Another possibility is that such individuals maintain the approval of a few select friends by excluding from their peer group precisely those individuals from whom they fear negative evaluation. Interestingly, Grotpeter and Crick [1996] reported that relationally aggressive children tended to demand that their friends play only with them while excluding other classmates from their group. The authors suggested that by doing so, relationally aggressive children maintained control over select friendships.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relational aggression in college students: Examining the roles of social anxiety and empathy

Loudin

Loukas

Robinson

2003

Aggressive Behavior

184

127

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This study examined the unique contributions of social anxiety and empathy to relational aggression in 300 19-to-25-year-old (M = 21.25; SD = 1.32) male (n = 97) and female (n = 203) college students using hierarchical linear regression analysis. The interactive relations between gender and social anxiety, and between gender and empathy, were also assessed. In addition to the gender and overt aggression covariates, fear of negative evaluation and perspective taking were unique predictors of relational aggression. Males, students who were more overtly aggressive, and those who reported greater fear of negative evaluation were more relationally aggressive than were peers. Students with higher levels of perspective taking reported using less relational aggression than did peers. A gender x empathetic concern interaction indicated that for males only, lower levels of empathetic concern were associated with higher levels of relational aggression. Results are discussed within a social informationprocessing perspective.

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“…The scale combined items from the Victimization of Self subscale of the Bully/Victim Questionnaire [38] Child Psychiatry Hum Dev (2007) 37:205-220 209 and the Social Experience Questionnaire -Self Report [46,47]. The Victimization of Self subscale has been shown in another study to correlate moderately with parentreported victimization of the child [35].…”

Section: Peer Victimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Differences in Responses to Provocation and Frequent Victimization by Peers

Champion

Clay

2006

Child Psychiatry Hum Dev

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This study examined associations between victimization by peers and intention to respond to provocative events as a function of anger arousal and motivation to improve the situation in a cross-sectional sample of school-age children (N = 506, 260 males, 246 females). Results demonstrated that more intense anger and more retaliatory motivation were positively associated with intentions to aggress and with frequency of victimization. The association between aggressive intentions to respond to anger provocation and victimization could be accounted for by subjective feelings of anger and motivation to retaliate. The contribution of emotion processes was stronger for boys than for girls. A post hoc examination of non-bullying participants revealed that motivation accounted for aggressive intentions among the non-bullies. Results support including anger management programs in prevention efforts that target the school climate and victims' risk for psychopathology.

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Relational Aggression, Overt Aggression, and Friendship

Cited by 299 publications

References 6 publications

Why Social Networks Matter: A Structural Approach to the Study of Relational Aggression in Middle Childhood and Adolescence

Why Social Networks Matter: A Structural Approach to the Study of Relational Aggression in Middle Childhood and Adolescence

Relational aggression in college students: Examining the roles of social anxiety and empathy

Individual Differences in Responses to Provocation and Frequent Victimization by Peers

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