Relation of vertical flux of particles smaller than 10 μm to total aeolian horizontal mass flux at Owens Lake

Gillette, Dale A.; Fryrear, D. W.; Gill, Thomas E.; Ley, Trevor; Cahill, Thomas A.; Gearhart, Elizabeth A.

doi:10.1029/97jd02252

Cited by 131 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The saltation fluxes estimated during the 1997 and 1998 measurement campaigns for periods of significant dust emission (see below) associated with significant saltation transport in the CT plot are reported on figure 6. The range of values for the saltation fluxes reported here (0.05 -1.5 g m -1 s -1 ) is quite comparable with data reported by different studies for field experiments or wind tunnel tests operated in the same conditions of wind on various soil texture (Gillette, 1978;Gillette et al, 1997).…”

Section: Saltation Transportsupporting

confidence: 77%

Wind erosion in a semiarid agricultural area of Spain: the WELSONS project

Gomès

Arrúe

López

et al. 2003

CATENA

150

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From 1996 to 1999, an European project called WELSONS was led to better understand the impacts of changes in climate and land-use on soil degradation by wind erosion for agricultural soils in a semiarid region of north-east Spain (Central Aragon). This paper presents the main results obtained from the measurement activities of the WELSONS project aimed to generate an original data base to study wind erosion processes. The first objective was to evaluate the effects of climate and anthropogenic processes on surface characteristics of agricultural soils. During the whole WELSONS experiment, a physical dynamics characterization of the soil surface and of the atmosphere near the ground were determined for each field plot studied. Results from the characterisation of soil surface shows that reduced tillage (RT) lower soil erodibility by wind compared to conventional tillage (CT).Soil crusting, which is a common feature of soils in the area, can also be considered as a protecting element against wind erosion. The second objective was to study the mobilisation processes of soil-particles into the saltation layer. Strong and erosive Cierzo winds occurred frequently in the area of the experimental field, but because a soil surface crust was present, only a limited supply of material was available for wind erosion. However, a measured saltation transport flux could be obtained for each sampled period from the measurement of the mass of saltating particles transported during each erosion event. The third objective was to assess the atmospheric emission of fine dust into the suspension layer. Significant vertical dust flux of PM20 was observed only in the CT plot because, as the erosion events are supply-limited, a lower amount of material lying on the crust was transported by the wind and sandblasted to provide suspended dust. Finally, the sandblasting efficiency calculated in the present experiment could be interpreted as the result of a higher binding energy for silt loam soil particles compared to sandy loam, loamy sand and sandy textured soils.

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Section: Saltation Transportsupporting

confidence: 77%

Wind erosion in a semiarid agricultural area of Spain: the WELSONS project

Gomès

Arrúe

López

et al. 2003

CATENA

150

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“…While both gross upward and downward fluxes in the PLAnET model are resolved separately, this does not happen when employing a gradient method, and the presence of depositional effects could affect the observed gradient. Following Gillette et al (1974Gillette et al ( , 1997, depositional effects for particles < 10 µm are significant only when the ratio between the deposition and friction velocity is greater than 0.1.The value of this ratio did not exceed the critical thresholds either in the 2008-2010 campaigns or in 2015. This guarantees the applicability of the gradient method for the observations at the Montfavet site made in sufficiently turbulent conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements and modeling of surface–atmosphere exchange of microorganisms in Mediterranean grassland

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Microbial aerosols (mainly composed of bacterial and fungal cells) may constitute up to 74 % of the total aerosol volume. These biological aerosols are not only relevant to the dispersion of pathogens, but they also have geochemical implications. Some bacteria and fungi may, in fact, serve as cloud condensation or ice nuclei, potentially affecting cloud formation and precipitation and are active at higher temperatures compared to their inorganic counterparts. Simulations of the impact of microbial aerosols on climate are still hindered by the lack of information regarding their emissions from ground sources. This present work tackles this knowledge gap by (i) applying a rigorous micrometeorological approach to the estimation of microbial net fluxes above a Mediterranean grassland and (ii) developing a deterministic model (the PLAnET model) to estimate these emissions on the basis of a few meteorological parameters that are easy to obtain. The grassland is characterized by an abundance of positive net microbial fluxes and the model proves to be a promising tool capable of capturing the day-to-day variability in microbial fluxes with a relatively small bias and sufficient accuracy. PLAnET is still in its infancy and will benefit from future campaigns extending the available training dataset as well as the inclusion of ever more complex and critical phenomena triggering the emission of microbial aerosol (such as rainfall). The model itself is also adaptable as an emission module for dispersion and chemical transport models, allowing further exploration of the impact of landcover-driven microbial aerosols on the atmosphere and climate.

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“…Then, loose material is available at the land surface, and dust particles are not washed out of the atmosphere by precipitation (Gillette et al 1997;Jáuregui and Luyando 1999). Surfaces such as non-irrigated fields in the foothills and upland areas of the Valle de Santiago region, wasteland from overgrazing, or the floodplain of the Rio Lerma to the north and west provide highly winderodible sites (Alcocer et al 2000;Gill 1996;Gillette et al 1997). Remote transport may include material from the desert land to the north (Rivera Rivera 2006).…”

Section: Chronologymentioning

confidence: 99%

First lacustrine varve chronologies from Mexico: impact of droughts, ENSO and human activity since AD 1840 as recorded in maar sediments from Valle de Santiago

et al. 2009

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We present varve chronologies for sediments from two maar lakes in the Valle de Santiago region (Central Mexico): Hoya La Alberca (AD 1852(AD -1973 and Hoya Rincón de Parangueo (AD 1839(AD -1943. These are the first varve chronologies for Mexican lakes. The varved sections were anchored with tephras from Colima (1913) and Paricutín (1943Paricutín ( /1944 and 210 Pb ages. We compare the sequences using the thickness of seasonal laminae and element counts (Al, Si, S, Cl, K, Ti, Mn, Fe, and Sr) determined by micro X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The formation of the varve sublaminae is attributed to the strongly seasonal climate regime. Limited rainfall and high evaporation rates in winter and spring induce precipitation of carbonates (high Ca, Sr) enriched in 13 C and 18 O, whereas rainfall in summer increases organic and clastic input (plagioclase, quartz) with high counts of lithogenic elements (K, Al, Ti, and Si). Eolian input of Ti occurs also in the dry season. Moving correlations (5-yr windows) of the Ca and Ti counts show similar development in both sequences until the 1930s. Positive correlations indicate mixing of allochthonous Ti and autochthonous Ca, while negative correlations indicate their separation in sublaminae. Negative excursions in the correlations correspond with historic and reconstructed droughts, El Niño events, and This paper is dedicated to our colleague and friend Jim Luhr,

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Relation of vertical flux of particles smaller than 10 μm to total aeolian horizontal mass flux at Owens Lake

Cited by 131 publications

References 13 publications

Wind erosion in a semiarid agricultural area of Spain: the WELSONS project

Wind erosion in a semiarid agricultural area of Spain: the WELSONS project

Measurements and modeling of surface–atmosphere exchange of microorganisms in Mediterranean grassland

First lacustrine varve chronologies from Mexico: impact of droughts, ENSO and human activity since AD 1840 as recorded in maar sediments from Valle de Santiago

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