Relation of Thyroid Activity to Increased Metabolism Induced by Fat Deficiency

Morris, David; Panos, Theodore C.; Finerty, John C.; Wall, Richard; Klein, G

doi:10.1093/jn/62.1.119

Cited by 20 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The high metabolic rate of 'small for dates' or fat-deficient babies is similar to the well-known hypermetabolism of experimental animals on a fatdeficient diet (Morris, Panos, Finerty, Wall, and Klein, 1957). This cannot be related to starvation, excessive activity, or hyperthyroidism in the animals.…”

Section: -2-mentioning

confidence: 65%

Minimal Rates of Oxygen Consumption in Sick and Premature Newborn Infants

Scopes¹,

Ahmed²

1966

Archives of Disease in Childhood

103

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The total energy expenditure of the living organism has been the subject of interest and research since the eighteenth century when Lavoisier made the fundamental observation that energy is produced in the body by the process of oxidation. Kern, 1928;Bruin, 1931)). Some authors, Received January 31, 1966. therefore, prefer the term 'standard metabolism' (Bierring, 1931;Du Bois, 1936;Karlberg, 1952).With a baby, the fasting state is unsatisfactory for examining 'basal' metabolism. He is always digesting one meal or actively anticipating the next. Lee and Iliff (1956) showed in older babies and children that metabolic rate in the awake and fasting state is higher than when the child is in post-prandial sleep. Some workers have chosen the fasting state using a small dose of barbiturate to prevent 'uneasiness' (Baer, 1929;Schadow, 1929;Karlberg, 1952). The 'specific dynamic action' of food in infants is less pronounced than in adults, the maximal increase in energy metabolism being of the order of 4-10% after an ordinary feed (McCance and Strangeways, 1954;Levine, Wilson, and Gottschall, 1928).Until about 1940, the importance of environmental temperature and neutral range in babies was not fully appreciated. In 1943 Day, Curtis, and Kelly showed that premature babies more than a week old increased metabolism in the cold, but as recently as 1958 Silverman, Fertig, and Berger were unable to find satisfactory evidence that premature babies less than a week old had a metabolic increase in the cold. The result is that, in much of the early work, it is far from clear whether babies were in a neutral thermal environment when 'basal metabolism' was measured. To avoid assumptions implicit in terms 'basal' or

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Section: -2-mentioning

confidence: 65%

Minimal Rates of Oxygen Consumption in Sick and Premature Newborn Infants

Scopes¹,

Ahmed²

1966

Archives of Disease in Childhood

103

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“…The present results apparently are not in accord with those reported by these authors, although the experimental conditions are different. Moreover, Morris et al (1957) showed that rats on a fat-deficient diet have an increased basal metabolic rate. Nevertheless, judging from the lower T/S ratio found in rats fed a high fat diet, it may be assumed that thyroid activity is suppressed by the high fat diet at the level of iodide uptake.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a high fat diet on thyroid activity, with special reference to thyroidal responses to cold

Kuroshima

Doi²,

Itoh³

1971

Int J Biometeorol

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The r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n the c o m p o s i t i o n of diet and t o l e r a n c e to cold h a s b e e n studied by a n u m b e r of i n v e s t i g a t o r s . Duga], Leblond and T h~r i e n (1945) have shown that a diet r i c h in fat w a s d e c i d e d l y s u p e r i o r to a low fat diet with r e g a r d to the r e s i s t a n c e to cold in the r a t . P~ge and B a b i n e a u (1953) o b s e r v e d that r a t s fed a h i g h fat diet t h r i v e d m o r e at r o o m t e m p e r a t u r e o r in the cold than t h o s e fed a low fat diet. L e B l a n e (1957) r e p o r t e d that on e x p o s u r e to cold the drop of r e c t a l t e mp e r a t u r e in r a t s fed a n o r m a l diet was f a s t e r and m o r e p r o n o u n c e d than in t h o s e fed a high fat diet. High fat diet was also found in m a n to be s u p e r i o r to high c a rb o h y d r a t e diet in e n a b l i n g the body t e m p e r a t u r e to be m a i n t a i n e d in a cold e nv i r o n m e n t (Mitchell, G l i c k m a n , L a m b e r t , Keeton and F a h n e s t o c k (1946). T h e s e o b s e r v a t i o n s s u g g e s t that d i e t s high in fat c o n t e n t a r e b e n e f i c i a l f o r life in the cold. I n c r e a s e d n o n s h i v e r i n g t h e r m o g e n e s i s on e x p o s u r e to cold is g e n e r a l l y c o n s i d e r e d as the p r i m a r y and e s s e n t i a l a d j u s t m e n t f o r m e t a b o l i c a d a p t a t i o n to cold in the r a t and this a d j u s t m e n t h a s b e e n found to be a s s o c i a t e d with a c o n s i d e r a b l e i nc r e a s e in s e v e r a l a s p e c t s of t h y r o i d a c t i v i t i e s such as the s y n t h e s i s , s e c r e t i o n and p e r i p h e r a l t u r n o v e r of the t h y r o i d h o r m o n e (Smith and H o i j e r , 1962). T h e r ef o r e , it is likely that the effect of high fat diet on cold t o l e r a n c e m i g h t be e x e r t e d t h r o u g h t h y r o i d a l f a c t o r s . In the p r e s e n t study we a i m e d to e l u c i d a t e if a high fat diet would affect the t h y r o i d activity and r e s p o n s e to cold e x p o s u r e . M E T H O D S A N D M A T E R I A L SThe a n i m a l s used w e r e m a l e r a t s of W i s t a r s t r a i n , weighing about 250 g. They w e r e fed a s t a n d a r d c o n t r o l diet o r a high fat diet f o r 4 to 5 weeks p r i o r to e xp e r i m e n t s at a r o o m t e m p e r a t u r e of 20°C. The s t a n d a r d diet was a c o m m e r c i a l r a t b i s c u i t ( O r i e n t a l MF), c o n t a i n i n g 14% fat, 59% c a r b o h y d r a t e and 27% p r o t e i n . The high fat diet c o n s i s t e d of 80% fat, 10% c a r b o h y d r a t e and 10% p r o t e i n . Its fat c o m p o s i t i o n was l a r d and c o d -o i l (10:1 w/w). An a p p r o p r i a t e m u l t i v i t a m i n m i xt u r e ( P a n v i t a n powder, Takeda P h a r m a c e u t . Co. and M c C o l l u m Salt No. 185) was also added to the high fat diet. The iodine c o n t e n t of t h e s e d i e t s was b ...

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“…It has been suggested that iodine may play some other roles in the metabolism of the body, other than by way of the thyroid gland. An increase in the basal metabolic rate of rats, not connec ted with any change in thyroid acitivty, was noticed when rats were placed on a fat free diet (175). (207).…”

Section: Thyroid Function and Its Relationship With Vitamin Amentioning

confidence: 94%