Relation of socioeconomic status to overweight and obesity: a large population-based study of Chinese adults

Zhang, Hua; Xu, Hui; Song, Fei; Xu, Weili; Pallard-Borg, Stephanie; Qi, Xiaojuan

doi:10.1080/03014460.2017.1328072

Cited by 44 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This suggests that Brazil's more developed regions in 1996/97 may have been at a more advanced stage of the epidemiological transition than India's most developed states currently. Other studies using measures of household income and educational attainment as the primary exposures and focusing on women in China's most economically prosperous regions have also found a negative association between SEP and prevalence of overweight [29,30]. We also identified a particularly notable convergence in the prevalence of overweight by SEP among women when compared to men.…”

Section: Statement Of Findingssupporting

confidence: 61%

“…One study in China found high-income men and women with low education to be at highest risk of obesity in an economically prosperous province [29]. Another study in China found that higher education was associated with lower odds of overweight among women and higher odds of overweight among men [30]. In South Korea, a country that experienced a remarkable pace of economic growth in previous decades [31], one study still found a positive association of income with obesity among men, whereas they found a negative association among women [32].…”

Section: Statement Of Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do trends in the prevalence of overweight by socio-economic position differ between India’s most and least economically developed states?

et al. 2019

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Background: India's economic development and urbanisation in recent decades has varied considerably between states. Attempts to assess how overweight (including obesity) varies by socioeconomic position at the national level may mask considerable sub-national heterogeneity. We examined the socioeconomic patterning of overweight among adults in India's most and least economically developed states between 1998 and 2016. Methods: We used state representative data from the National Family Health Surveys from 1998 to 99, 2005-06 and 2015-16. We estimated the prevalence of overweight by socioeconomic position in men (15-54 years) and women (15-49 years) from India's most and least economically developed states using multilevel logistic regressions. Results:We observed an increasing trend of overweight prevalence among low socioeconomic position women. Amongst high socioeconomic position women, overweight prevalence either increased to a smaller extent, remained the same or even declined between 1998 and 2016. This was particularly the case in urban areas of the most developed states, where in the main analysis, the prevalence of overweight increased from 19 to 33% among women from the lowest socioeconomic group between 1998 and 2016 compared to no change among women from the highest socioeconomic group. Between 2005 and 2016, the prevalence of overweight increased to similar extents among high and low socioeconomic status men, irrespective of residence. Conclusions:The converging prevalence of overweight by socioeconomic position in India's most developed states, particularly amongst urban women, implies that this subpopulation may be the first to exhibit a negative association between socioeconomic position and overweight in India. Programs aiming to reduce the increasing overweight trends may wish to focus on poorer women in India's most developed states, amongst whom the increasing trend in prevalence has been considerable.

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Section: Statement Of Findingssupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Statement Of Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do trends in the prevalence of overweight by socio-economic position differ between India’s most and least economically developed states?

et al. 2019

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“…Socioeconomic status (SES) is reported to have a significant influence on the risk of cardiovascular diseases in adults [8][9][10][11]. SES affects the incidence of cardiovascular diseases through its effect on health status [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SES affects the incidence of cardiovascular diseases through its effect on health status [8]. However, its effect on CVD-related health status varies by gender, and different aspects of SES have varying degrees of impact on health status between men and women [9,11]. These different aspects of SES affect the incidence of cardiovascular diseases in a complex manner.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Disease Risk by Socioeconomic Status (SES) of Workers Using National Health Information Database

Ryu

Moon

Jung

2020

IJERPH

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The socioeconomic status (SES) and health behaviors of workers are associated with the risks of developing obesity, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and other cardiovascular diseases. Herein, we investigated the factors influencing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk based on the SES of male and female workers. This cross-sectional analysis used the National Health Information Database to assess the associations between gender, SES (income level, residential area), health behaviors, and CVD-related health status of workers, through multinomial logistic regression. Upon analysis of a large volume of data on workers during 2016, the smoking and drinking trends of male and female workers were found to differ, causing different odds ratio (OR) tendencies of the CVD risk. Also, while for male workers, higher ORs of obesity or abdominal obesity were associated with higher incomes or residence in metropolitan cities, for female workers, they were associated with lower incomes or residence in rural areas. Additionally, among the factors influencing CVD risk, lower income and residence in rural areas were associated with higher CVD risk for male and female workers. The study findings imply the importance of developing gender-customized intervention programs to prevent CVD, due to gender-specific associations between CVD-related health status and health behaviors according to SES. Health Information Database (NHIS-NHID), was employed to verify the association between the SES of male and female workers in Korea and their CVD-related health statuses. The findings of this study will contribute to the production of basic statistics with large volumes of data through an analysis of the factors influencing CVD risk in male and female workers. Materials and Methods Data SourcesThe NHIS of Korea provides health insurance cover to the entire population of the country [13] and allows an insured worker and his or her dependent to receive a free annual or biannual health examination [15]. Based on the NHIS, the national health information database has a large volume of data, including 1.3 trillion pieces of information on the qualifications, premiums, health examination results, and treatment records of the entire population [16]. The NHIS-NHID is the dataset prepared by extracting, summarizing, and processing the health insurance information collected, possessed, and managed by the NHIS for study purposes, while ensuring that personal information cannot be identified [16]. The NHIS-NHID consists of the qualification database, the health examination database, and the claim database [15]. The qualification database includes gender differentiated into male and female, age, premium, and residential area. The premium is defined as the amount paid thus far by the insured worker, and it is categorized into one of 20 quintiles. The residential area is categorized into codes representing the area of residence of the insured. The health examination database contains data from a regular health examination and the accompanying health questi...

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“…According to the Chinese Residents Nutrition and Chronic Disease Status Report, the obesity rates of Chinese adults aged 18 and above increased from 4.8% in 2002 to 11.9% in 2015 [2]. In addition to genetic predisposition, this obesity epidemic problem is mostly attributed to behavioral risks, including higher calorie intake, shift toward a sedentary lifestyle, and sex may play a role in such an association [3]. However, other determinants, like smoking, may seriously influence individual results in terms of obesity [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The longitudinal association of smoking behaviors with obesity risk among Chinese adults from the China Health and Nutrition Survey 1991–2015

Zhao

Ding²,

Su³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Present study aims to longitudinal explore independent association of smoking status and cigarette consumption with general obesity and abdominal among Chinese adults by gender. Methods This study include 75,348 adults (35,907 males and 39,441 females) aged 18-65 years from the longitudinal data of China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS, 1991-2015). Multilevel mixed-effects linear and logistic regression models were performed for association analysis. Results Among males and females, heavy smokers (> 25 cigarette/d) increased from 5.5% and 0.05% in 1991 to 6.8% and 0.1% in 2015, respectively ( p < 0.001). After controlling for confounding factors, the net effect on male light (1–14 cigarette/d), moderate (15–24 cigarette/d), and heavy smokers was a significant decrease of 0.40 kg/m 2 (β: −0.40, 95% CI: − 0.48, −0.31), 0.51 kg/m 2 (β: −0.51, 95% CI: −0.60, −0.43), and 0.29 kg/m 2 (β: −0.29, 95% CI: −0.43, −0.14) in BMI, respectively. From moderate and light smokers to nonsmokers were linked with significant WC decreases of 0.87 cm (β: −0.87, 95% CI: −1.14, −0.58) and 0.86 cm (β: −0.87, 95% CI: −1.12, −0.59) in males and 1.58 cm (β: −1.58, 95% CI: −2.94, −0.22) and 1.37 cm (β: −1.37, 95% CI: −2.13, −0.59) in females, respectively. The odds ratio (95% CIs) for general obesity in males were 0.72 (0.65–0.81) for light smokers and 0.68 (0.61–0.76) for moderate smokers compared with nonsmokers. Similarly, the odds ratio (95% CIs) for abdominal obesity in males were 0.80 (0.76–0.86) for light smokers and 0.81 (0.76–0.87) for moderate smokers compared with nonsmokers. Moreover, the odds ratio (95% CIs) for abdominal obesity in females were 0.83 (0.71–0.98) for light smokers and 0.73 (0.58–0.91) for moderate smokers compared with nonsmokers.Conclusions Compared with nonsmokers, current smokers had lower BMI and WC among Chinese adults regardless of gender. Heavy smokers are more likely to be general obesity and abdominal obesity in male and abdominal obesity in female than other smokers. These findings may improve the understanding on how smoking behaviors affect fat distribution and provide scientific evidence regarding intervention in smoking and obesity by gender.

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Relation of socioeconomic status to overweight and obesity: a large population-based study of Chinese adults

Abstract: SES was associated with general and abdominal overweight/obesity and sex may play a role in such an association.

Cited by 44 publications

References 23 publications

Do trends in the prevalence of overweight by socio-economic position differ between India’s most and least economically developed states?

Do trends in the prevalence of overweight by socio-economic position differ between India’s most and least economically developed states?

Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Disease Risk by Socioeconomic Status (SES) of Workers Using National Health Information Database

The longitudinal association of smoking behaviors with obesity risk among Chinese adults from the China Health and Nutrition Survey 1991–2015

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