Relation of SIP Relaxation Time of Sands to Salinity, Grain Size and Hydraulic Conductivity

Kemna, Andreas; Münch, H.-M.; Titov, Konstantin; Zimmermann, Egon; Vereecken, Harry

doi:10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.13.p054

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…[46] The determination of permeability from the complex conductivity is a topic of active research in geophysics [see Börner, 1992;Slater and Lesmes, 2002;Kemna et al, 2005;Binley et al, 2005;Börner, 2006;Hördt et al, 2007;Slater, 2007]. I am only looking here for a simple scaling law in the present paper that is consistent with dimensional analysis (most empirical relationships in the literature do not satisfy dimensional analysis).…”

Section: Prediction Of Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral induced polarization of shaly sands: Influence of the electrical double layer

Revil¹

2012

Water Resources Research

209

216

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[1] I developed a new model named POLARIS describing the complex conductivity of (pyrite-free) shaly poorly sorted sands. This model is based on the solution given by the effective medium theory for grains coated by an electrical double layer and immersed in a background electrolyte. The electrical double layer comprises the Stern layer and the diffuse layer. Both layers play very distinct roles in the in-phase and quadrature conductivities. The polarization of the shaly sands is mainly controlled by the polarization of the Stern layer (except at very high salinities) with a very small mobility of the counterions contained in this layer. The in-phase component of the conductivity is controlled by the conductivity of the pore water with a contribution associated with the diffuse layer (the contribution of the Stern layer seems negligible). The fraction of counterions in the Stern layer is computed from a simple sorption isotherm and is used to infer the quadrature conductivity. The quadrature conductivity is assumed to be frequency independent, which is a reasonable approximation in clayey sands and sandstones, in agreement with observations. The polarization model is also based on the assumption that the Stern layer is discontinuous between grains, an assumption that is consistent with recent models of ionic transport in clayey sands. POLARIS explains the dependence of the quadrature conductivity on the salinity, cation exchange capacity, specific surface area (or specific surface per unit pore volume), and temperature. It can be used to predict the saturation and the permeability (inside 1 order of magnitude).

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Section: Prediction Of Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral induced polarization of shaly sands: Influence of the electrical double layer

Revil¹

2012

Water Resources Research

209

216

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“…It is also used to characterize oil reservoirs and oil spills (Vinegar & Waxman 1984;Cassiani et al 2009;Schmutz et al 2010). In addition, because of its sensitivity to permeability (Börner 1992;de Lima & Niwas 2000;Slater & Lesmes 2002;Kemna et al 2005;Revil & Florsch 2010), this method has been used to characterize the permeability distribution of shallow aquifers (Hördt et al 2007). In SIP, a phase lag between the current and the electrical field provides complementary information to electrical conductivity measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salinity dependence of spectral induced polarization in sands and sandstones

Revil

Skold

2011

Geophysical Journal International

135

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International audienceIn electrolyte-saturated sands, the reversible storage of electrical charges is responsible for a phase lag between the current (injected and retrieved by two current electrodes) and the electrical field recorded by two voltage electrodes. This phenomenon is called 'spectral induced polarization' in geophysics and can potentially be used to monitor salt tracer tests in shallow aquifers to infer their permeability and dispersivity tensors. We demonstrate analytically that the polarization of the inner part of the electrical triple layer coating the surface of the grains (named the Stern layer in electrochemistry) is consistent with available data. We also perform new experiments using silica sands saturated by NaCl and CaCl2 pore water solutions. The salinity dependence of quadrature conductivity can be modelled using an analytical solution of the triple layer model, which offers a simple way to interpret laboratory and field data. This analytical solution depends on the total site density of the mineral surface, the pH value and the sorption coefficient of the cation in the Stern layer. This model shows that both the specific surface conductivity of the Stern layer and the quadrature conductivity of the porous material depend on the conductivity of the pore water. The quadrature conductivity is becoming independent of the salinity above 1 S m−1. The parameters entering the analytical model are consistent with independent estimates from titration data and zeta potential measurements, which are two classical methods to characterize the electrical triple layer at the pore water mineral interface

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“…A good phenomological description of the observed SIP responses was found to be provided by Cole-Cole-type models (e.g., Vanhala, 1997) and good correlations for different sets of materials, between hydraulic conductivity and the Cole-Cole time constant were found (e.g., Binley et al, 2005;Kemna et al, 2005;Zisser et al, 2010). Although a clear link between hydrological properties and IP/SIP parameters has been empirically documented by various studies (e.g., Börner et al, 1996;Slater and Lesmes, 2002;Kemna et al, 2004;Binley et al, 2005;Hördt et al, 2007;Slater, Figures 2007), the detailed nature and origin of such linkages remain enigmatic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Impact of controlled changes in grain size and pore space characteristics on the hydraulic conductivity and spectral induced polarization response of "proxies" of saturated alluvial sediments

Koch¹,

Kemna²,

Irving³

et al. 2010

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Understanding the influence of pore space characteristics on the hydraulic conductivity and spectral induced polarization (SIP) response is critical for establishing relationships between the electrical and hydrological properties of surficial unconsolidated sedimentary deposits, which host the bulk of the world's readily accessible groundwater resources. Here, we present the results of laboratory SIP measurements on industrial-grade, saturated quartz samples with granulometric characteristics ranging from fine sand to fine gravel, which can be regarded as proxies for widespread alluvial deposits. We altered the pore space characteristics by changing (i) the grain size spectra, (ii) the degree of compaction, and (iii) the level of sorting. We then examined how these changes affect the SIP response, the hydraulic conductivity, and the specific surface area of the considered samples. In general, the results indicate a clear connection between the SIP response and the granulometric as well as pore space characteristics. In particular, we observe a systematic correlation between the hydraulic conductivity and the relaxation time of the Cole-Cole model describing the observed SIP effect for the entire range of considered grain sizes. The results do, however, also indicate that the detailed nature of these relations depends strongly on variations in the pore space characteristics, such as, for example, the degree of compaction. The results of this study underline the complexity of the origin of the SIP signal as well as the difficulty to relate it to a single structural factor of a studied sample, and hence raise some fundamental questions with regard to the practical use of SIP measurements as site- and/or sample-independent predictors of the hydraulic conductivity

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Relation of SIP Relaxation Time of Sands to Salinity, Grain Size and Hydraulic Conductivity

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Spectral induced polarization of shaly sands: Influence of the electrical double layer

Spectral induced polarization of shaly sands: Influence of the electrical double layer

Salinity dependence of spectral induced polarization in sands and sandstones

Impact of controlled changes in grain size and pore space characteristics on the hydraulic conductivity and spectral induced polarization response of "proxies" of saturated alluvial sediments

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Relation of SIP Relaxation Time of Sands to Salinity, Grain Size and Hydraulic Conductivity

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Spectral induced polarization of shaly sands: Influence of the electrical double layer

Spectral induced polarization of shaly sands: Influence of the electrical double layer

Salinity dependence of spectral induced polarization in sands and sandstones

Impact of controlled changes in grain size and pore space characteristics on the hydraulic conductivity and spectral induced polarization response of &quot;proxies&quot; of saturated alluvial sediments

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Impact of controlled changes in grain size and pore space characteristics on the hydraulic conductivity and spectral induced polarization response of "proxies" of saturated alluvial sediments