Relation of Serum Lipoprotein Levels and Systolic Blood Pressure to Early Atherosclerosis

Wp, Newman; Freedman, David S.; Aw, Voors; Pd, Gard; Srinivasan, M. S.; Jl, Cresanta; Gd, Williamson; Ls, Webber; Gs, Berenson

doi:10.1056/nejm198601163140302

Cited by 945 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Previous studies by Schrott et al (1982) and Moll et al (1983) showed that children and adolescents with elevated LDL-cholesterol often come from families with a high incidence of coronary heart disease. This fact reinforces the importance of LDL-cholesterol determination in adolescence and of autopsy studies performed in children and young people (Newman, 1986), which have indicated that the fatty streaks in the aorta are also directly related to this part of the lipid profile. Thus, by determining the levels of LDLc, it is possible to detect family risks early, and interventions can be implemented before the occurrence of coronary events.…”

Section: Atherosclerosissupporting

confidence: 81%

Cardiovascular Risk Investigation: When Should It Start?

Rodrigues¹,

Abreu²,

Gouvêa³

2012

Cardiovascular Risk Factors

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Section: Atherosclerosissupporting

confidence: 81%

Cardiovascular Risk Investigation: When Should It Start?

Rodrigues¹,

Abreu²,

Gouvêa³

2012

Cardiovascular Risk Factors

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“…An argument for limiting fat intake in children is that atherogenesis is a lifelong process, and may be accelerated by a high-fat diet due to its effect on blood lipid levels. Post-mortem studies have shown that the relationship between blood lipid levels and the extent of atherosclerotic lesions is already present in childhood (Newman et al, 1986;Berenson et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat content of the diet among pre-school children in Britain; relationship with food and nutrient intakes

Rogers

Emmett

2002

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: To investigate the relationship between the percentage of energy from fat and food and nutrient intakes at 18 and 43 months of age. Design: Diet was assessed using a 3 day unweighed food record. The children were divided into quartiles of fat intake as a percentage of energy (QFI), and food and nutrient intakes in the different QFIs were compared. Subjects: A total of 1026 children at 18 months and 863 children at 43 months, taking part in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood, participated. Results: At 18 months the mean (s.d.) fat intake was 31.2 (2.8) % of energy in the lowest QFI and 43.1 (2.2) % in the highest. Energy intake increased slightly with increasing QFI. The percentage of energy derived from total sugar, and in particular nonmilk extrinsic sugar fell as QFI increased, as did the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids. Intakes of retinol equivalents and zinc increased significantly with increasing QFI, while intakes of iron and most water soluble vitamins fell. There was a particularly marked fall in vitamin C intake as fat intake increased, from 11.8 mg=MJ in the lowest QFI, to 6.0 mg=MJ in the highest (P < 0.001). Consumption of whole milk increased substantially with percentage energy from fat, from 51 g=MJ in the lowest QFI to 116 g=MJ in the highest (P < 0.001), while consumption of fruit and fruit juice fell. The results obtained at 43 months were very similar. Conclusions: The chances of a suboptimal intake of zinc and retinol were higher at lower fat intakes. However, intakes of the fatsoluble vitamins E and D were unrelated to fat intake and intakes of iron and vitamin C fell as fat intakes increased. Some suggestions for improving diet in this age group have been given.

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“…For example, fatty streaks (the presumed precursor to atherosclerotic plaques) in adolescence are correlated with serum cholesterol and blood pressure in this population, and fibrous plaques characteristic of atherosclerosis become evident by age 20 (Newman et al, 1986). Moreover, blood pressure in the high-normal range in adolescence is a strong predictor of adult hypertension (Shear, Burke, Freedman, & Berenson, 1986).…”

Section: Morbidity and Mortality In Adolescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent health psychology.

Williams¹,

Holmbeck²,

Greenley³

2002

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

254

184

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In this article, a biopsychosocial model of adolescent development is used as an organizing framework for a review of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention research with adolescent populations. During adolescence many critical health behaviors emerge, affecting future disease outcomes in adulthood. In addition, most of the predominant causes of morbidity and mortality in adolescence are unique to this period of development, indicating that health-focused interventions must be tailored specifically to adolescents. Moreover, it is during adolescence that lifelong patterns of self-management of and adjustment to chronic health conditions are established. Thus, an increased focus on adolescence in health psychology research is important both to improve the health of adolescents per se and to optimize health trajectories into adulthood.Adolescence has historically been a developmental period of relative neglect with respect to research on both mental and physical health intervention and outcome. Perhaps such neglect has occurred because, from a health perspective, morbidity and mortality rates are quite low during adolescence compared with other developmental periods (Holden & Nitz, 1995). However, as we argue in this article, adolescence is a pivotal period of development with respect to health and illness. First, it is during adolescence that many positive health behaviors (e.g., diet and exercise) are consolidated and important health risk behaviors (e.g., smoking, alcohol and drug use, and unsafe sexual practices) are first evident; thus, adolescence is a logical time period for primary prevention intervention. Second, the predominant causes of morbidity and mortality in adolescence are quite different from adults, indicating that early identification and treatment of adolescent health problems must be directed toward a unique set of targets in this age group. Moreover, because of the particular developmental issues that characterize adolescence, intervention efforts designed for adults are often inappropriate or ineffective in an adolescent population. Finally, even when chronic illnesses are congenital or begin in childhood (e.g., spina bifida, Type 1 diabetes), the manner in which the transition from childhood to adolescence to young adulthood is negotiated has important implications for disease outcomes throughout the remainder of the life span.Given the unique developmental challenges of adolescence, we argue that an effective and theoretically sound approach to adolescent health psychology research and treatment must be firmly grounded in a developmental framework. We present a biopsychosocial model of adolescent development as one such framework that can inform primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention research and interventions targeting adolescents. This article is organized around the three levels of health-related prevention as they apply to adolescence. Within these levels, we include discussion of the adolescent-focused aspects of what Smith and Ruiz (1999) characterize as the predominant res...

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Relation of Serum Lipoprotein Levels and Systolic Blood Pressure to Early Atherosclerosis

Cited by 945 publications

References 28 publications

Cardiovascular Risk Investigation: When Should It Start?

Cardiovascular Risk Investigation: When Should It Start?

Fat content of the diet among pre-school children in Britain; relationship with food and nutrient intakes

Adolescent health psychology.

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