Relation of Ruminal Parakeratosis Development to Volatile Fatty Acid Absorption

Hinders, R.; Owen, F.G.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(65)88393-x

Cited by 84 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In the 1980's, German and Israeli scientists [27,71,78] showed that a reduction takes place in the surface area of the rumen papillae due to reduced feed intake in the dry period, and that this reduction could partly be prevented by giving an energy-rich lactation feed throughout the dry period. This was proposed as a beneficial strategy because an increased area of rumen papillae results in an increased VFA absorption capacity through the rumen wall [33,56,78], which in principle should result in a reduced risk of accumulating VFA in the rumen and thus reduce the risk of acidosis.…”

Section: Rumen Epitheliummentioning

confidence: 99%

Priming the dairy cow for lactation: a review of dry cow feeding strategies

Friggens¹,

Andersen²,

Larsen³

et al. 2004

Anim. Res.

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-This paper reviews important aspects of dry cow feeding with emphasis placed on the preparation of the cow for the subsequent lactation. A number of feeding strategies, which have been proposed in recent years, are examined, alongside considerations of the effects of dry period length, levels of body reserves at calving and parity. A number of studies have reported the effect of varying the length of the dry period (in the range 0 to 70 days) on subsequent production and health. An 8 week dry period seems optimal though this should be adjusted to allow for the body condition score of cows at drying off. Avoiding extremes of body condition score at calving is desirable, so condition should be monitored throughout the lactation cycle. Attempting to achieve large changes in body reserves in the dry period has been associated with increased problems postpartum. The feeding strategies that are reviewed are strategies to decrease body mobilisation, prime for body mobilisation, prime the rumen for increased intake, prime for milk protein production and prime for calcium mobilisation and absorption. These strategies are also evaluated relative to their biological basis and reported physiological effects. Feeding high starch feeds in the latter part of the dry period was found not to provide clear benefits in terms of decreasing early lactation body mobilisation or increasing early lactation intake. Strategies aimed at priming the cow for the increased mobilisation of body lipid and body calcium that occurs in early lactation appear more favourable both from the point of view of making biological sense and from the available results reviewed. dry period / feeding / body condition score / dairy cattle / health Résumé -Préparation des vaches laitières à la lactation : bilan des stratégies d'alimentation des vaches taries. Cet article passe en revue les aspects importants de l'alimentation des vaches taries en mettant l'accent sur la préparation de la vache à la lactation suivante. Plusieurs stratégies d'alimentation proposées au cours des dernières années sont examinées, dans le même temps que des considérations portant sur les effets de la durée de la période sèche, du niveau des réserves corporelles au vêlage et du rang de lactation. Un certain nombre d'études ont montré que le fait de * Corresponding author: n.friggens@agrsci.dk 454 N.C. Friggens et al.faire varier la durée de la période sèche (dans une plage de 0 à 70 jours) avait un effet sur la production et la santé lors de la lactation suivante. Une période sèche de 8 semaines semble optimale, quoiqu'elle doive être ajustée en tenant compte de la note d'état corporel des vaches au moment du tarissement. Il est préférable d'éviter des notes extrêmes au vêlage ; l'état corporel devrait donc être surveillé tout au long du cycle de lactation. Les tentatives de vouloir effectuer de grandes modifications du niveau des réserves corporelles pendant la période sèche ont été associées à une augmentation des problèmes postpartum. Les stratégies d'alimentation exposé...

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Section: Rumen Epitheliummentioning

confidence: 99%

Priming the dairy cow for lactation: a review of dry cow feeding strategies

Friggens¹,

Andersen²,

Larsen³

et al. 2004

Anim. Res.

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“…Aafjes (L967a) High concentrate diets are known to cause parakeratosis and rumenitis (Wise et al 1968) and rumen parakeratosis has been associated with reduced fatty acid absorption (Hinders and Owen 1965;Bull et al 196s For personal use only. (Turner and Hodgetts 1955b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ABSORPTION OF STEAM-VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS FROM THE RUMEN OF THE COW AS INFLUENCED BY DIET, BUFFERS, AND pH

Thorlacius¹,

Lodge²

1973

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…Ruminitis represents a condition of inflammatory lesions in the rumen mucosa (Scanlan and Hathcock, 1983;Nagaraja and Chengappa, 1998), whereas parakeratosis appears as incomplete keratinization of the rumen papillae (Hinders and Owen, 1965). Pathological changes in the rumen epithelium can be observed macroscopically as redness (hyperaemia), aggregation (plaque formation) and necrosis of the rumen papillae.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of rumen-escape starch and coarseness of ingredients in pelleted concentrates on performance and rumen wall characteristics of rosé veal calves

Vestergaard

Jarltoft

Kristensen

et al. 2013

Animal

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The objective was to study the effect of rumen-escape starch and coarseness of ingredients in pelleted concentrates on performance, carcass quality and rumen wall characteristics in rosé veal calf production. Two alternative concentrates (Coarse and Slow) were compared with a traditional (Control) concentrate. Control was based on finely ground ingredients, whereas in Coarse, the same ingredients were coarsely ground resulting in a mean particle size before pelleting of 1.5 in Coarse and 0.6 mm in Control. Slow compared with Control and Coarse contained finely ground sorghum and corn instead of barley and wheat which increased the amount of rumen-escape starch to 59 compared with 22 g/kg in Control and Coarse. All concentrates had the same total starch (362 g/kg), NDF (168 g/kg), CP (154 g/kg) and DE (15.5 MJ/kg DM) content and a pellet diameter of 3.5 to 4 mm. Use of an 'indicator of starch digestibility' method gave a value of 98.6% for Control and Coarse and 91.1% for Slow ( P , 0.001). A total of 57 Holstein bull calves (n 5 19 per treatment) were offered one of the three concentrates ad libitum from weaning (2 1 2 months of age) to slaughter (,10 months of age). Concentrate intake was recorded individually. Barley straw was available ad libitum but intake was not recorded. Average daily gain (1.43 kg/day), concentrate conversion efficiency (3.7 kg DM concentrate/kg gain), LW at slaughter (386 kg), carcass weight (194 kg) and EUROP conformation (3.9) were not affected by type of concentrate ( P . 0.05). Papillae length and shape evaluated in atrium ruminis and the cranial part of the ventral rumen sac at slaughter were not affected by type of concentrate ( P . 0.05). Rumen wall characteristics showed degrees of plaque formation (i.e., papillary aggregation), hyperaemia and necrotic areas in all treatment groups, but with no general difference between type of concentrate (P . 0.05). Incidence of liver abscesses (LAs, 16%) was not affected by type of concentrate (P . 0.05). There were no differences in performance or rumen wall characteristics between liver-abscessed and non-abscessed calves. The results show a high level of production performance with the three types of pelleted concentrates and indicates that neither the more coarse ingredients nor the additional rumen-escape starch tested, when fed ad libitum, could improve rumen wall characteristics or reduce LAs of rosé veal calves.Keywords: slaughter calves, pelleted concentrates, growth rate, rumen wall, liver abscesses ImplicationsThe results show that ad libitum feeding of pelleted concentrates for rosé veal calves fed barley straw as only roughage source will cause some papillae aggregation, hyperaemia and necrosis of rumen wall and papillae and some indices of liver abscesses (LAs). Results also indicate that a concentrate based on more coarsely ground compared with the traditional finely ground ingredients or based on a higher proportion of rumen-escape starch in the concentrate will not be able to keep these pathological findings at a low level. O...

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Relation of Ruminal Parakeratosis Development to Volatile Fatty Acid Absorption

Cited by 84 publications

References 11 publications

Priming the dairy cow for lactation: a review of dry cow feeding strategies

Priming the dairy cow for lactation: a review of dry cow feeding strategies

ABSORPTION OF STEAM-VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS FROM THE RUMEN OF THE COW AS INFLUENCED BY DIET, BUFFERS, AND pH

Effects of rumen-escape starch and coarseness of ingredients in pelleted concentrates on performance and rumen wall characteristics of rosé veal calves

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