Relation of racial identity attitudes to self-actualization and affective states of Black students.

Parham, Thomas A.; Helms, Janet E.

doi:10.1037/0022-0167.32.3.431

Cited by 256 publications

(281 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Literature that attests to the relationship between social identity-whether labeled racial identity (Parham & Helms, 1981, 1985a, 1985b, ethnic identity (Elizur, 1984;Phinney, 1990), ethnic self-identity (Driedger, 1976), or collective self-esteem (Luhtanen & Crocker, 1992)-and behavioral and psychological adjustment abounds. Moreover, recent research (Sherwin, 1994(Sherwin, , 1997 suggests a strong positive relationship exists between collective self-esteem and hope.…”

Section: Hope and Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

Developing hope in the social context: Alternative perspectives of motive, meaning, and identity.

Elliott¹,

Sherwin²

1997

Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice

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presented a developmental model of hope embedded within a social-cognitive framework. This is a feature common to most contemporary theories of reality negotiation processes. However, in this comment on the Snyder et al. piece, the authors believe that there are alternative accounts of the goal-directed behavior associated with hope that warrant consideration. They briefly describe these competing accounts available in Kohutian self psychology and in multicultural models of behavior. They note points of convergence and divergence, along with implications for clinical practice and theory-driven research. Snyder, Cheavens, and Sympson (1997) have attempted to satisfy a glaring need in our understanding of reality negotiation processes. Specifically, they have delineated basic familial and social dynamics that play an instrumental role in the development of hope in the individual. Furthermore, they have thoughtfully considered ways in which hope affects interpersonal interactions and group behavior. Clinicians have recognized for some time that hope is a critical element of effective group therapy (Yalom, 1985). Yet, a theoretical framework is needed to help clinicians understand how hope develops to appreciate deficiencies and then to design theoretically driven interventions that may augment, instill, refurbish, or build hope in persons who seek psychological services.The dynamics described by Snyder et al. (1997) are grounded in a social-cognitive framework, consonant with most contemporary views of reality negotiation (e.g., Snyder, 1989;Taylor & Brown, 1988). This model stipulates that goal-oriented beliefs and behaviors are modeled by significant others in the individual's early interpersonal environment. These beliefs are then internalized, and the behaviors are

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Section: Hope and Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

Developing hope in the social context: Alternative perspectives of motive, meaning, and identity.

Elliott¹,

Sherwin²

1997

Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice

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show abstract

“…Evidências empíricas, como as de Parham & Helms (1985), sugerem que as pessoas submetidas à discriminação tendem a apresentar autoconceito pobre, baixa auto-estima, auto-realização pobre, ansiedade e depressão. O indivíduo, tem a sensação de não se 'encaixar' realmente em nenhum grupo, pois internaliza os valores 'brancos' e é desqualificado por ser negro, de tal forma que passa a desvalorizar-se como pessoa.…”

Section: O Preconceito Silenciadounclassified

O brasileiro, o racismo silencioso e a emancipação do afro-descendente

Ferreira

2002

Psicol. Soc.

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RESUMO: Este ensaio descreve alguns acontecimentos que revelam formas pelas quais o preconceito é veiculado. Em seguida, teço comentários acerca de algumas condições históricas para o desenvolvimento do preconceito. Ressalto, na análise, o projeto epistemológico da modernidade que, apoiando-se num pensamento metafísico, voltou-se para a busca de certezas, desenvolvendo horror à ambivalência, determinando uma busca obsessiva pela classificação e a ordem. Considero este um terreno fértil para a constituição de subjetividades voltadas para a exclusão do diferente e, em decorrência, para o desenvolvimento de estereótipos negativos acerca da população negra, que subsistem até hoje, além de situações concretas de desqualificação social desses brasileiros. Tais processos tendem a ampliar ainda mais os contrastes econômicos e sociais, situações incompatí-veis com o país que desejamos construir. Na seqüência ressalto um processo favorecedor do desenvolvimento de uma identidade afrocentrada, uma das condições para a reversão do preconceito. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: afro-descendente, identidade, preconceito, família, modernidade THE BRASILIAN, THE SILENT RACISM AND THE AFRO DESCENDANT EMANCIPATIONABSTRACT: This essay describes some incidents that disclose how prejudice is transmitted. After that, I argument about some historic conditions that promote the expansion of prejudice. I stand out the epistemological project of Modernity which, supported in a metaphysical thought, looked for certainties, developed horror to ambivalence and determined a obsessive search for classification and order. I consider this a fertile field to the constitution of subjectivities that exclude the different. So, this process develops stereotypes about black people, besides real situations of social disqualification of this Brazilians. These processes tend

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“…This racial identity scale outlines the mental health stability, disorders, or wellbeing associated with the Cross/Helms Black racial identity scales. Studies using the RIAS found African Americans in the preencounter stage of racial identity had a poorer psychological wellbeing, lower self-actualization, and lower self-esteem [3,9,10]. Individuals in the pre-encounter stage, also have more symptoms and higher levels of psychopathology, depression, anxiety, paranoia, hypersensitivity, feelings of personal inadequacy, and psychological distress in comparison to individuals in the encounter, immersion/emersion, and internalization stages.…”

Section: Black Racial Identity and Mental Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring The Link Between Black Racial Identity And Mental Health

Wilson¹

2017

J Depress Anxiety

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Relation of racial identity attitudes to self-actualization and affective states of Black students.

Cited by 256 publications

References 23 publications

Developing hope in the social context: Alternative perspectives of motive, meaning, and identity.

Developing hope in the social context: Alternative perspectives of motive, meaning, and identity.

O brasileiro, o racismo silencioso e a emancipação do afro-descendente

Exploring The Link Between Black Racial Identity And Mental Health

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