Relation of Maternal Age to Fawn-Rearing Success in White-Tailed Deer

Ozoga, John J.; Verme, Louis J.

doi:10.2307/3801110

Cited by 84 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…They visited the summer ranges of deer three years old and older more frequently than those of two-year-old deer and most spent more time there, although average difference in time spent was not significant. Because deer three years old and older tend to produce more fawns than two-year-olds do (Ozoga et al 1982;Verme and Ullrey 1984;Ozoga and Verme 1986;DelGuidice et al 2007), the greater number of Wolf visits we observed to ranges of older deer is consistent with the assumed food value of those ranges. Older deer can produce one to three fawns per year, so multiple Wolf visits to summer ranges of older deer, even after a Wolf kills a fawn there, could lead to another kill.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Wolf, Canis lupus, Visits to White-tailed Deer, Odocoileus virginianus, Summer Ranges: Optimal Foraging?

Demma

Mech

2009

Can Field Nat

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We tested whether Wolf (Canis lupus) visits to individual female White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) summer ranges during 2003 and 2004 in northeastern Minnesota were in accord with optimal-foraging theory. Using GPS collars with 10- to 30-minute location attempts on four Wolves and five female deer, plus eleven VHF-collared female deer in the Wolves' territory, provided new insights into the frequency of Wolf visits to summer ranges of female deer. Wolves made a mean 0.055 visits/day to summer ranges of deer three years and older, significantly more than their 0.032 mean visits/day to ranges of two-year-old deer, which generally produce fewer fawns, and most Wolf visits to ranges of older deer were much longer than those to ranges of younger deer. Because fawns comprise the major part of the Wolf's summer diet, this Wolf behavior accords with optimal-foraging theory.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Wolf, Canis lupus, Visits to White-tailed Deer, Odocoileus virginianus, Summer Ranges: Optimal Foraging?

Demma

Mech

2009

Can Field Nat

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“…Maternal behavior in ungulates, manifested particularly during suckling, is generally intensive after birth and declines with the age of the calves (Rubin and Michelson 1994;Sarno and Franklin 1999;Cassinello 2001). In ungulate species, multiparous and older mothers generally display a higher level of maternal care than primiparous or younger ones, and this is because of their greater level of experience (Ozoga and Verme 1986;Green 1990;Cameron et al 2000) or is the effect of residual reproductive value (Clutton-Brock 1991). On the other hand, because ungulates are highly susceptible to predation during the initial weeks and months of life, their mother-offspring interactions are variable within and across species and reflect the strategy adopted in the tradeoff between nursing and vigilance (Rachlow and Bowyer 1998;Toïgo 1999;Hamel and Côté 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Suckling behavior of eland antelopes (Taurotragus spp.) under semi-captive and farm conditions

Hejcmanová

Vymyslická

Koláčková

et al. 2010

J Ethol

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Mother-offspring interactions soon after parturition play a key role in the survival of mammals. We investigated the suckling behavior of semi-captive Western Derby eland (Taurotragus derbianus derbianus) in a 60-ha enclosure covered by dense savanna vegetation in Senegal and farmed Common eland (T. oryx) on an open 2-ha pasture in the Czech Republic. We hypothesized that the basic pattern of suckling bout duration and mother-offspring interactions would be similar between species, but would vary in response to the environmental conditions and breeding system. During three calving periods, we observed the suckling of 27 and 23 calves of Derby and Common elands, respectively, between the ages of 1-5 months, and the interactions between mother and calf before and during suckling. Suckling bout duration increased with the age of the calves for both elands. However, in Derby elands we recorded longer suckling bouts in male than female calves and shorter suckling bouts in primiparous mothers than multiparous ones; no differences were found in farmed Common elands. The animals' active approach to mother-offspring contact, for example naso-anal contact, and initiation and termination of suckling, resulted in longer suckling bouts in Derby elands. The results suggest that Derby elands that range over a large enclosure with dense vegetation cover adjust their maternal behavior in compliance with potential predator risk, facing a trade-off between nursing and vigilant behavior in the wild. The suckling behavior of farmed elands, on the other hand, reflects the conditions of captivity without predators and with the small available area enabling permanent visual contact of animals.

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“…An age effect on successful reproduction, attributed to the improved maternal skills of older, more experienced females, has also been recorded for pronghorn (Byers 1997a) and white tailed deer (Ozoga & Verme 1986). Furthermore, maternally inexperienced females are suggested to be more likely to abandon their fawns than older females (Ozoga & Verme 1986). Thus, a reason for some of the recorded abandonments in our study might be inexperience and possibly a higher sensitivity to disturbance of young females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…However, our estimated mortality rate of , 24% is not particularly high in comparison to studies of other species in predator-free environments but rather low for an area with predators (Andersen & Linnell 1998). Gill (1994) found a mean mortality rate of 26% for roe deer fawns, in a 23-year data set from England in a predator-free area, and in studies of other free-ranging ungulates in predatorfree environments, neonate mortality has been reported to range between 10 and 20% (red deer (Guinness et al 1978), white-tailed deer (Ozoga &Verme 1986, McGinnes & Downing 1977, moose (Stubsjoen et al 2000)). In contrast, a mortality rate of .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Supplemental Feeding of Red Foxes Vulpes vulpes Increase Roe Deer Capreolus capreolus Recruitment in the Boreal Forest?

et al. 2009

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Red fox Vulpes vulpes predation on roe deer Capreolus capreolus fawns is regarded as a very important factor affecting recruitment of roe deer. Therefore from a hunting management perspective, it is of interest to find efficient ways to reduce predation. Because predator removal during summer is highly controversial and banned by law in Scandinavia, supplemental feeding of red foxes during the short, critical fawning period of roe deer has been proposed as a means to relieve predation on fawns. We performed a two‐year study of providing red fox vixens with food, supplied as close to active dens as possible, and monitored recruitment of radio‐marked roe deer in the vicinity of these dens at a realistic management scale (i.e. the size of a large hunting area; ∼65 km2). Even though red foxes found and consumed the food supplied, we found no tendency towards increased recruitment of roe deer. We conclude that supplemental feeding of red foxes during the fawning period is not a solution to this management problem, at least not at the chosen management scale and with the current red fox predation levels.

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Relation of Maternal Age to Fawn-Rearing Success in White-Tailed Deer

Cited by 84 publications

References 4 publications

Wolf, <em>Canis lupus</em>, Visits to White-tailed Deer, <em>Odocoileus virginianus</em>, Summer Ranges: Optimal Foraging?

Wolf, <em>Canis lupus</em>, Visits to White-tailed Deer, <em>Odocoileus virginianus</em>, Summer Ranges: Optimal Foraging?

Suckling behavior of eland antelopes (Taurotragus spp.) under semi-captive and farm conditions

Can Supplemental Feeding of Red Foxes Vulpes vulpes Increase Roe Deer Capreolus capreolus Recruitment in the Boreal Forest?

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