Relation of Lesions of the Tongue in Children to Niacin Deficiency

Bakwin, Harry; Reardon, Helen S.; Winn, James S.; Tenbrinck, Margaret S.; Stern, Maxine L.; Engel, M. G.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1947.02030010673001

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…Nevertheless, such vigorous innate immune response can cause transient NAD + depletion, manifesting in acral skin lesions characteristic for pellagra [134]. Likewise, COVID tongue resembles changes in the tongue, described in pellagra, ranging from geographic type lesions to general atrophy of the lingual papillae or marginal atrophy of the tongue [131,135].…”

Section: Mucocutaneous and Gastrointestinal Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19: Are We Facing Secondary Pellagra Which Cannot Simply Be Cured by Vitamin B3?

Kujundžić

2022

IJMS

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Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and ensuing inflammation pose a huge challenge to the host’s nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism. Humans depend on vitamin B3 for biosynthesis of NAD+, indispensable for many metabolic and NAD+-consuming signaling reactions. The balance between its utilization and resynthesis is vitally important. Many extra-pulmonary symptoms of COVID-19 strikingly resemble those of pellagra, vitamin B3 deficiency (e.g., diarrhoea, dermatitis, oral cavity and tongue manifestations, loss of smell and taste, mental confusion). In most developed countries, pellagra is successfully eradicated by vitamin B3 fortification programs. Thus, conceivably, it has not been suspected as a cause of COVID-19 symptoms. Here, the deregulation of the NAD+ metabolism in response to the SARS-CoV-2 infection is reviewed, with special emphasis on the differences in the NAD+ biosynthetic pathway’s efficiency in conditions predisposing for the development of serious COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced NAD+ depletion and the elevated levels of its metabolites contribute to the development of a systemic disease. Acute liberation of nicotinamide (NAM) in antiviral NAD+-consuming reactions potentiates “NAM drain”, cooperatively mediated by nicotinamide N-methyltransferase and aldehyde oxidase. “NAM drain” compromises the NAD+ salvage pathway’s fail-safe function. The robustness of the host’s NAD+ salvage pathway, prior to the SARS-CoV-2 infection, is an important determinant of COVID-19 severity and persistence of certain symptoms upon resolution of infection.

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Section: Mucocutaneous and Gastrointestinal Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19: Are We Facing Secondary Pellagra Which Cannot Simply Be Cured by Vitamin B3?

Kujundžić

2022

IJMS

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“…The relation to cmotional factors was investigated by Redman et al (1966). Bakwin et al (1947) reported absence of change with niacin therapy, and Redman (1964) found no response to large doses of nutritional supplements.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporary Resolution of Geographic Tongue With Cytotoxic Therapy

1974

J Paediatrics Child Health

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SYNOPSIS Geographic tongue had been present prior to the development of lymphosarcoma in a boy aged 7 years. The lymphosarcoma was treated with cyclical courses of cytotoxic therapy (M.O.P.P.), consisting of nitrogen mustard, vincristine, procarbazine and prednisolone, with initial remission, but later recurrence. Remission and recurrence of the geographic tongue occurred in a cyclical fashion, and could be correlated with courses of MOPP. This association has not apparently been described. These changes are documented, and the possible causes of this phenomenon are considered, but the multiple components of MOPP make it difficult to ascribe the changes to one component or function of therapy.

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Nutritional deficiencies and geographic tongue

Redman

1964

Journal of Chronic Diseases

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Relation of Lesions of the Tongue in Children to Niacin Deficiency

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

COVID-19: Are We Facing Secondary Pellagra Which Cannot Simply Be Cured by Vitamin B3?

COVID-19: Are We Facing Secondary Pellagra Which Cannot Simply Be Cured by Vitamin B3?

Temporary Resolution of Geographic Tongue With Cytotoxic Therapy

Nutritional deficiencies and geographic tongue

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