Relation of Flatfoot Severity with Flexibility and Isometric Strength of the Foot and Trunk Extensors in Children

Kim, Min Hwan; Cha, Sangha; Choi, Jae Eun; Jeon, Minsoo; Choi, Ja Young; Yang, Shin-seung

doi:10.3390/children10010019

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 34 publications

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“…Flat foot (Pes Planus) is a common foot deformity in which the arch of the foot is depressed and the plantar part of the foot is either completely or partially contacted with the ground [1]. Mostly, flat feet can affect the natural gait and usually require therapy to resolve; in severe cases where the pain grows to be unbearable, surgical intervention is required [2][3][4]. According to the same sources, the severity levels of flat feet can be classified into three levels: mild, moderate, and severe (rigid).…”

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confidence: 99%

Flatfeet Severity-Level Detection Based on Alignment Measuring

Alsaidi,

Moria

2023

Sensors

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Flat foot is a postural deformity in which the plantar part of the foot is either completely or partially contacted with the ground. In recent clinical practices, X-ray radiographs have been introduced to detect flat feet because they are more affordable to many clinics than using specialized devices. This research aims to develop an automated model that detects flat foot cases and their severity levels from lateral foot X-ray images by measuring three different foot angles: the Arch Angle, Meary’s Angle, and the Calcaneal Inclination Angle. Since these angles are formed by connecting a set of points on the image, Template Matching is used to allocate a set of potential points for each angle, and then a classifier is used to select the points with the highest predicted likelihood to be the correct point. Inspired by literature, this research constructed and compared two models: a Convolutional Neural Network-based model and a Random Forest-based model. These models were trained on 8000 images and tested on 240 unseen cases. As a result, the highest overall accuracy rate was 93.13% achieved by the Random Forest model, with mean values for all foot types (normal foot, mild flat foot, and moderate flat foot) being: 93.38 precision, 92.56 recall, 96.46 specificity, 95.42 accuracy, and 92.90 F-Score. The main conclusions that were deduced from this research are: (1) Using transfer learning (VGG-16) as a feature-extractor-only, in addition to image augmentation, has greatly increased the overall accuracy rate. (2) Relying on three different foot angles shows more accurate estimations than measuring a single foot angle.

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Section: Introduction 1backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flatfeet Severity-Level Detection Based on Alignment Measuring

Alsaidi,

Moria

2023

Sensors

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Association between Elastic Modulus of Foot Soft Tissues and Gait Characteristics in Young Individuals with Flatfoot

Jiao,

Hu,

et al. 2024

Bioengineering

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Flatfoot is a common foot deformity, causing foot pain, osteoarthritis of the midfoot, and even knee and hip dysfunction. The elastic modulus of foot soft tissues and its association with gait biomechanics still remain unclear. For this study, we recruited 20 young individuals with flatfoot and 22 age-matched individuals with normal foot arches. The elastic modulus of foot soft tissues (posterior tibial tendon, flexor digitorum brevis, plantar fascia, heel fat pad) was obtained via ultrasound elastography. Gait data were acquired using an optical motion capture system. The association between elastic modulus and gait data was analyzed via correlation analysis. The elastic modulus of the plantar fascia (PF) in individuals with flatfoot was higher than that in individuals with normal foot arches. There was no significant difference in the elastic modulus of the posterior tibial tendon (PTT), the flexor digitorum brevis (FDB), or the heel fat pad (HFD), or the thickness of the PF, PTT, FDB, and HFD. Individuals with flatfoot showed greater motion of the hip and pelvis in the coronal plane, longer double-support phase time, and greater maximum hip adduction moment during walking. The elastic modulus of the PF in individuals with flatfoot was positively correlated with the maximum hip extension angle (r = 0.352, p = 0.033) and the maximum hip adduction moment (r = 0.429, p = 0.039). The plantar fascia is an important plantar structure in flatfoot. The alteration of the plantar fascia’s elastic modulus is likely a significant contributing factor to gait abnormalities in people with flatfoot. More attention should be given to the plantar fascia in the young population with flatfoot.

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Comparison of the effectiveness of foot orthosis use in pes planus treatment with combination of kinesio taping

Karıksız,

Sever

2024

Dicle Tıp Dergisi

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Aims: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical evaluations, disease impact, disability and foot function of symptomatic flexible pes planus (SFPP) deformity patients treated with the University of California at Berkeley Laboratory (UCBL) foot orthosis and Kinesio tape (KT) to those treated only with the UCBL orthosis. Methods: A total of 100 feet in 50 subjects with a mean age of 77.10 months were included in the study. The subjects were divided into two groups: Group 1 (UCBL foot orthosis with KT, n=27) and Group 2 (UCBL-alone, n=23). Group 1 consisted of 27 patients (14 girls, 13 boys) with an average age of 62 months (range: 25 to 165), while Group 2 consisted of 23 patients (10 girls,13 boys) with an average age of 63 months (range: 30 to 166). Various assessments, including American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores, anteroposterior and lateral talocalcaneal and talo-first metatarsal angles, talonavicular angle, calcaneal pitch angle and clinical examinations, were conducted to foot-specific disease activity, and foot function. Results: Group 1 exhibited mild-to-moderate foot disability and impairments, along with low levels of disease activity. Treatment with UCBL orthosis and Kinesio tape led to significant improvements in all AOFAS scores and foot angles. Substantial improvement in AOFAS scores was observed during the follow-up examination, except for the midfoot score. Discussion: The use of UCBL foot orthosis in conjunction with Kinesio tape appears to be a preferable treatment strategy for children and adolescents with SFPP. This combined approach is associated with a lower rate of complications, higher patient comfort levels, and faster improvement in both radiological and clinical findings when compared to the use of the UCBL orthosis alone.

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Relation of Flatfoot Severity with Flexibility and Isometric Strength of the Foot and Trunk Extensors in Children

Cited by 3 publications

References 34 publications

Flatfeet Severity-Level Detection Based on Alignment Measuring

Flatfeet Severity-Level Detection Based on Alignment Measuring

Association between Elastic Modulus of Foot Soft Tissues and Gait Characteristics in Young Individuals with Flatfoot

Comparison of the effectiveness of foot orthosis use in pes planus treatment with combination of kinesio taping

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