Relation of Fat to Economy of Food Utilization

Forbes, E. B.; Swift, R. W.; Elliott, R. F.; James, W. H.

doi:10.1093/jn/31.2.203

Cited by 77 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Calorie effect vs. fat effect. Forbes and coworkers (18) were the first to report that the efficiency of utilization of a diet increases as the fat content increases. In the intervening years this observation has been confirmed and expanded upon and it is now clear that calories from fat are utilized more efficiently by the body than calories from carbohydrate or protein.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Calorie Restriction, ad Libitum Feeding, and Cancer

Pariza¹

1986

Experimental Biology and Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The inhibition of cancer by calorie restriction was discovered over 50 years ago. By 1950 it had been well characterized and there existed sufficient data to propose a mechanism of action. For reasons that remain unclear, but are probably related to the perception of the calorie restricted rodent as "small" and the ad libitum feeding regimen as more "normal," the concept of calorie restriction has been largely ignored by investigators after this time. Hence, despite the fact that calorie restriction is one ofthe oldest, best-documented, and most effective ways known to reduce cancer risk in rodents, it has had little impact on modern cancer research. In this report the history of calorie restriction is briefly reviewed, and a mechanism of action is proposed that involves increased production of ACTH and decreased production of gonadotrophins. It is further proposed that these changes may come about in part from the restriction of the time during which feeding is permitted as well as from the restriction of food per se. There is renewed interest in calorie restriction due in part to the growing recognition that there are differences in the efficiency of utilization of various sources of energy, in particular that fat calories are utilized more efficiently and provide more usable energy than carbohydrate calories. New data are presented indicating that the apparent enhancement by dietary fat of mammary cancer in rats is really a manifestation of the caloric effect. Further, the effect is abolished by moderate calorie restriction of only 15-20%. The application of these findings to the prevention of cancer in humans is considered.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Calorie Restriction, ad Libitum Feeding, and Cancer

Pariza¹

1986

Experimental Biology and Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The V formula provides a N : calorie ratio of 1: 306, a ratio that perhaps necessitated greater use of calories to spare N for critical growth. 41,42 The N intake of the F group (22.4 g/1000 kcal) was similar to that of the V group (20.4 g/1000 kcal); however, the body weight gain of F-fed animals was greater than that observed in the C group. This may be the result of the high percentage of fat calories in the F formula (30.6%) compared to the V formula (1.3%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Gastrointestinal Response to Nutrient Variation of Defined Formula Diets

Young

Cioletti

Traylor

et al. 1981

J Parenter Enteral Nutr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The gastrointestinal response to oral alimentation of low residue commercial defined formula diets or a rat liquid formula was studied. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (220-250 g) were fed isocaloric amounts (73 kcal/day) of Vivonex (V), Vivonex HN (VHN), Flexical (F), Vital (Vit), or a control Casein diet 116EC (C). Nitrogen (N) retention was calculated from N intake minus N excretion/day. After 2 weeks, rats were killed and the liver, pancreas, and small bowel removed and weighed. Pancreatic amylase activity (U g) and liver lipid were measured. The bowel was divided into eight equal segments, and mucosal weight, DNA, and protein concentration per centimeter were measured. Despite isocaloric feeding, body weight gain was lower in V and VHN groups, and higher in F and Vit groups compared to the C. Amylase specific activity was increased in V, VHN, and F groups, while the liver lipid was increased in the V and VHN groups when compared to C animals. The most proximal intestinal segment weight, mucosal weight, protein and DNA of V, VHN, and Vit groups were less than C animals, while distal segments were similar. F animals showed greater intestinal mass than C rats. These studies indicate statistically significant differences in gastrointestinal response as a result of nutrient variation of defined formula diets.

show abstract

“…The effects of varying the amount and type of fat have also been studied. Forbes and Swift (1941), showed that in malnourished rats, a high intake of fat spared protein better than a high intake of carbohydrate. Others have shown that alteration in the amount and type of fat fed to children can change the levels of fat in the serum (Sweeny, Etteldorf, Orban, and Fischer, 1962;Ludmany, Csorba and Jezerniczky, 1965).…”

Section: Intake Of Fatmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Intake of Food in Normal Infants Fed a Free Diet

Dugdale

1967

J Paediatr Child Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Relation of Fat to Economy of Food Utilization

Cited by 77 publications

References 0 publications

Calorie Restriction, ad Libitum Feeding, and Cancer

Calorie Restriction, ad Libitum Feeding, and Cancer

Gastrointestinal Response to Nutrient Variation of Defined Formula Diets

The Intake of Food in Normal Infants Fed a Free Diet

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About