Relation of Dwarfmistletoe (Arceuthobium) to the Xylem Tissue of Conifers. II. Effect of the Parasite on the Xylem Anatomy of the Host

Srivastava, L. M.; Esau, K.

doi:10.2307/2439398

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…8A ) as described in Teixeira‐Costa (2021) , Teixeira-Costa, Davis & Ceccantini (2021) , Schweingruber (2007) , Pazourek & Votrubová, (1997 : 53; Fig. 8B ), Srivastava & Esau (1961a , 1961b ), and Peirce (1893 , 1905) with our fossil being the host, as in the example of Cuscuta , Arceuthobium or Viscum ( Fig. 8B ), with effects in coniferous host features, especially rays.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 53%

MioceneCupressinoxylonfrom Gökçeada (Imbros), Turkey withProtophytobiacambium mining and the study of ecological signals of wood anatomy

Mantzouka

Akkemik

Güngör

2022

PeerJ

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Premise The recognition of the Miocene Climate Optimum (MCO) in terrestrial palaeoenvironments of the Eastern Mediterranean is restricted to Lesbos and Lemnos Islands, Greece. This area is significant for its wood microfossils. A recently-discovered fossil wood assemblage from Gökçeada (Imbros) Island, Turkey, including tree species similar to the Greek findings, is thought to have an early Miocene age. Here, we revise the age of the latter plant fossiliferous locality, re-evaluate the area for the study of MCO for the terrestrial palaeoecosystems of the Eastern Mediterranean and the nomenclature errors referring to the occurrence of fossil wood. We present the plant–insect–environment interactions using detailed anatomical descriptions, of an extinct conifer and its extinct cambium miner feeding traces observed in its secondary xylem. Methods Three thin sections were prepared with standard palaeoxylotomical techniques from a small section of the silicified wood; the sections were observed under a light microscope. The anatomy of the conifer and its damage patterns were compared with those of extant and fossil Cupressaceae and Agromyzidae, respectively. Pivotal results The common anatomical features of the studied wood specimen and Hesperocyparis macrocarpa (Hartw.) Bartel and a shared characteristic (the number of the cross-field pits – a feature we consider of diagnostic value) with Xanthocyparis vietnamensis Farjon & T.H. Nguyên led to its assignment to the Hesperocyparis–Xanthocyparis–Callitropsis clade. The detailed study of the wound scars and anatomical abnormalities, the anatomical–environmental associations, and structural–functional reactions follow the identification of the wood’s anatomy sensu Carlquist providing decisive results. Conclusions Based on the distinctive characteristics presented, we identify our macrofossil as Cupressinoxylon matromnense Grambast, a stem or an extinct lineage of the Hesperocyparis–Xanthocyparis vietnamensis–Callitropsis nootkatensis clade with feeding traces of the fossil cambium miner of the genus Protophytobia Süss (Diptera: Agromyzidae), and anatomical damage and reaction tissue on adventitious shoots. The use of Protopinaceae and Pinoxylon F. H. Knowlton from the eastern Mediterranean are re–evaluated and corrections are provided. The age of the studied plant fossiliferous locality in Gökçeada is revised as middle Miocene, allowing the proposal of an eastern Mediterranean MCO hotspot, including Lesbos, Lemnos, and Gökçeada (Imbros) Islands.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 53%

MioceneCupressinoxylonfrom Gökçeada (Imbros), Turkey withProtophytobiacambium mining and the study of ecological signals of wood anatomy

Mantzouka

Akkemik

Güngör

2022

PeerJ

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“…Infection reduced the sapwood‐area specific K S by almost one third. This presumably resulted from vascular occlusions caused by parasitic sinkers tapping into host xylem (Srivastava and Esau ). The absence of an effect of infection on K L despite the significant effect on K S can be explained by a reduction in host P. glauca needle size distal to A. pusillum infection; needles distal to infection are approximately 50% shorter and approximately 25% narrower than needles on UBs (Logan et al , Reblin et al ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infection reduced the sapwood-area specific K S by almost one third. This presumably resulted from vascular occlusions caused by parasitic sinkers tapping into host xylem (Srivastava and Esau 1961). The absence of an effect of infection on K L despite the significant Physiol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of eastern dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium pusillum) on host white spruce (Picea glauca) development, growth and performance across multiple scales

Logan

Reblin

Zonana

et al. 2012

Physiologia Plantarum

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Infection by eastern dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium pusillum) modifies needle and branch morphology and hastens white spruce (Picea glauca) mortality. We examined potential causal mechanisms and assessed the impacts of infection-induced alterations to host development and performance across scales ranging from needle hormone contents to bole expansion. Needles on infected branches (IBs) possessed higher total cytokinin (CK) and lower abscisic acid contents than needles on uninfected branches (UBs). IBs exhibited greater xylem growth than same-aged UBs, which is consistent with the promotive effect of CKs on vascular differentiation and organ sink strength. Elevated CK content may also explain the dense secondary and tertiary branching observed at the site of infection, i.e. the formation of 'witches' brooms' with significantly lower light capture efficiencies. Observed hormone perturbations were consistent with higher rates of transpiration, lower water use efficiencies (WUEs) and more negative needle carbon isotope ratios observed for IBs. Observed reductions in needle size allowed IBs to compensate for reduced hydraulic conductivity. Severe infections resulted in dramatically decreased diameter growth of the bole. It seems likely that the modifications to host hormone contents by eastern dwarf mistletoe infection led white spruce trees to dedicate a disproportionate fraction of their photoassimilate and other resources to self-shaded branches with low WUE. This would have decreased the potential for fixed carbon accumulation, generating a decline in the whole-tree resource pool. As mistletoe infections grew in size and the number of IBs increased, this burden was manifested as increasingly greater reductions in bole growth.

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“…Em plantas parasitas aéreas, este tipo morfológico de conexão solitária parece estar associado à formação de cordões corticais que, ao penetrar no xilema da hospedeira, causam alterações anatômicas como dilatação dos raios e aumento da densidade de vasos (Srivastava & Esau 1961, Teixeira-Costa & Ceccantini 2015. Além da hiperplasia e hipertrofia causadas à hospedeira, o inchaço da região também se deve ao volumoso tecido endofítico da parasita.…”

Section: Lista De Verbetesunclassified

Haustório, haustor, apressório, extensor:

Teixeira‐Costa

Ceccantini

2018

Bol. bot.

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A forma de vida parasitária em plantas está associada à formação de um órgão que pode ser genericamente denominado haustório, responsável pela conexão entre parasita e hospedeira. A grande diversidade de espécies parasitas - cerca de 1% das angiospermas viventes - somada à diversidade de potenciais hospedeiras, resulta numa multiplicidade de estruturas, tecidos e tipos celulares peculiares dessas interações. Entretanto, é frequente a observação de que toda esta variedade morfoanatômica seja abordada com o uso de poucos termos comuns e, até mesmo, com sinônimos, mas também com uso ambíguo e em estruturas de homologia dúbia ou não comprovada ontogeneticamente. O uso de publicações originalmente em outras línguas que o português (i.e. inglês, principalmente; espanhol; francês; italiano; alemão), com traduções literais, falsos cognatos e outras influências da linguística também promoveram confusões. De modo a promover uma utilização mais clara e precisa, além de realizar um resgate histórico das acepções originais dos termos, foi realizada uma compilação e reestruturação de termos do modo como vêm sendo abordados, de forma a promover um melhor entendimento da nomenclatura utilizada. Adicionalmente, estudos anatômicos e ontogenéticos têm sido realizados e confrontados com a literatura, e então resignificados sob uma perspectiva filogenética. Com base em nossos resultados e reflexões, apresentamos um glossário ilustrado e referenciado, com o qual sugerimos uma padronização de termos mais adequados na descrição da interface parasita-hospedeira de diversas famílias em língua portuguesa.

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Relation of Dwarfmistletoe (Arceuthobium) to the Xylem Tissue of Conifers. II. Effect of the Parasite on the Xylem Anatomy of the Host

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

MioceneCupressinoxylonfrom Gökçeada (Imbros), Turkey withProtophytobiacambium mining and the study of ecological signals of wood anatomy

MioceneCupressinoxylonfrom Gökçeada (Imbros), Turkey withProtophytobiacambium mining and the study of ecological signals of wood anatomy

Impact of eastern dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium pusillum) on host white spruce (Picea glauca) development, growth and performance across multiple scales

Haustório, haustor, apressório, extensor:

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