Relation of cytoplasmic alkalinization to microvillar elongation and microfilament formation in the sea urchin egg

Carron, Christopher P.; Longo, Frank J.

doi:10.1016/0012-1606(82)90301-3

Cited by 89 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…While the transformation of the actin filament network into bundles requires cytoplasmic alkalization, the formation of the network itself does not [Begg et al, 1982;Carron and Longo, 19821. It has generally been assumed that the calcium transient at fertilization triggers the polymerization of actin to form the network of cortical filaments [Begg et al, 1982;Carron and Longo, 1982;Spudich, 19921. However, the results reported here raise the possibility that the polymerization of cortical actin may normally occur by a calcium-independent mechanism operating between the time of fertilization and the initiation of the calcium transient at 30 sec post-fertilization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulation of cortical actin polymerization in the sea urchin egg cortex by NH4Cl procaine and urethane: Elevation of cytoplasmic pH is not the common mechanism of action

Begg

Wong

Hoyle

et al. 1996

Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulation of cortical actin polymerization in the sea urchin egg cortex by NH4Cl procaine and urethane: Elevation of cytoplasmic pH is not the common mechanism of action

Begg

Wong

Hoyle

et al. 1996

Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton

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“…After exocytosis of the cortical granules, the egg's surface undergoes considerable restructuring (27), and marked rearrangement of the cortical endoplasmic reticulum as there is essentially a loss of 29% of the cortical volume (represented by the cortical granules). Since at the conclusion of these modifications the relative volume of the cortical endoplasmic reticulum remains essentially the same as that observed in unfertilized eggs, this suggests that the mechanism involved is selective with respect to the rearrangement and movement of organelles into the cortex following cortical granule discharge.…”

Section: Reaction In Spisula Eggs In Which Extracellular Calcium Trigmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural and Morphometric Observations of Cortical Endoplasmic Reticulum in Arbacia, Spisula and Mouse Eggs*

Luttmer

Longo

1985

Dev Growth Differ

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Results of morphomctric investigations indicate that Arbacia eggs possess a network of cortical endoplasmic reticulum equal in volume and surface area to that within the subcortex. The cortical endoplasmic rcticulum surrounds individual cortical granules and forms associations with the plasma InembrdnC reminiscent of junctions shared by the sarcolemma and sarcoplasmic reticulum. Mouse eggs. which also exhibit a cortical granule reaction, possess endoplasmic reticulum that is associated with cortical granules and thc plasmalemma. The same relative volume of cortical endoplasmic reticulum is present in mouse eggs as in Arhacia. Significantly less cortical endoplasmic reticulum is present in Spisula eggs which d o not undergo cortical granule discharge upon activation. These observations are discussed in light of the hypothesis that the cortical endoplasmic reticulum transduces the interaction of the gametes into an intracellular calcium release which initiates the cortical granule reaction and the activation of development.At fertilization the eggs of a number of different species undergo a transient increase in intracellular calcium which triggers various cellular processes including cortical granule exocytosis (see 1 , 2). Results of experiments with sea urchins indicate that the source of activating calcium ions at fertilization originates from internal stores (3, 4). Similar observations have also been made in mouse eggs ( 5 ) . Eggs of the surf clam, Spisula solidissima, however, do not undergo cortical granule exocytosis upon insemination and are not activated in the absence of exogenous calcium (6). Hence, the source of activating calcium in Spisula eggs may be external.Although the source(s) of intracellular calcium release has not been identified, specialized regions of the egg endoplasmic reticulum have been implicated (2, 7). This suggestion is derived from observations demonstrating: 1) that muscle contraction is mediated by calcium release from a specialized subsurface cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum, the sarcoplasmic reticulum (8), 2) the striking morphological similarity of the plasma membrane-endoplasmic reticulum association observed in Xenopus eggs (7) to the transverse tubules and sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle cells, and 3) the temporal correlation in development of the cortical endoplasmic reticulum and the capacity of Xenopus eggs to propagate a wave of cortical granule exocytosis (9, 10). Based on these similarities, Gardiner and Grey (7) postulated that the close association of the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum in Xenopus eggs transduces the interaction of gametes into intracellular calcium release which triggers the * This paper is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Haruo Kanatani in recognition of his numerous and significant contributions to the study of gamete maturation and fertilization. 349

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“…1a and 4a). After fertilization the elevated cytoplasmic pH is important for the formation of the microvillus bundle of actin filaments [Carron and Longo, 1982]. Cytoplasmic alkalization also occurs in sea urchin eggs, via the activation of the Na ϩ /H ϩ exchanger, upon treatment with TPA [Swann and Whitaker, 1985].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A transient and local increase in the intracellular Ca 2ϩ concentration ([Ca 2ϩ ]i) induces cortical granule exocytosis (CGE) [Vacquier, 1975;Whitaker and Steinhardt, 1982] and reorganization of the egg surface [Eddy and Shapiro, 1976;Schroeder, 1979;Chandler, 1991]. During the wave of high [Ca 2ϩ ]i, the cortical non-filamentous actin polymerizes into a network of actin filaments, which are associated with the formation of microvilli [Tilney and Jaffe, 1980;Chandler and Heuser, 1981;Begg et al, 1982;Carron and Longo, 1982;Cline et al, 1983].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cytoplasmic Ca2+ oscillation coordinates the formation of actin filaments in the sea urchin eggs activated with phorbol ester

Arai

Kyozuka

Nakazawa

1999

Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton

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Relation of cytoplasmic alkalinization to microvillar elongation and microfilament formation in the sea urchin egg

Cited by 89 publications

References 28 publications

Stimulation of cortical actin polymerization in the sea urchin egg cortex by NH4Cl procaine and urethane: Elevation of cytoplasmic pH is not the common mechanism of action

Stimulation of cortical actin polymerization in the sea urchin egg cortex by NH4Cl procaine and urethane: Elevation of cytoplasmic pH is not the common mechanism of action

Ultrastructural and Morphometric Observations of Cortical Endoplasmic Reticulum in Arbacia, Spisula and Mouse Eggs*

Cytoplasmic Ca2+ oscillation coordinates the formation of actin filaments in the sea urchin eggs activated with phorbol ester

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