Relation of central obesity and insulin resistance with high diabetes prevalence and cardiovascular risk in South Asians

McKeigue, Paul; Shah, Bela; Marmot, Michael

doi:10.1016/0140-6736(91)91164-p

Cited by 1,422 publications

(1,105 citation statements)

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“…Because of this possibility, we used the random effects model in our analyses, which is a more conservative approach for estimating differences as compared with the fixedeffects model. The McKeigue study 16 reported median and standard error of the median, but because the mean and median are similar in large samples, we assumed normal distribution and included this study in the figures shown. Excluding the McKeigue study from our analyses did not change the observed results significantly.…”

Section: Discussion Of the Key Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Participants were sampled from general practitioner registers or health centres and community hospital registries. 12,[14][15][16][17][18] Two studies used samples from a population or community register. 20,21 One study used samples from areas as identified by the postcode directory.…”

Section: Overview Of Methods Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17,18 Three studies reported on multiple South Asian subgroups (Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi) separately, 18,22,23 others reported only one subgroup or a combined South Asian population. [14][15][16][17]19,20,26 Most studies used Hawksley random zero sphygmomanometers to measure BP, 15,16,19 whereas two studies used mercury, 18,21 or automated devices such as the Omron (OMRON, Omron Matsusaka Co. Ltd, Kyoto, Japan), Dinamap 8100 (GE Healthcare, Critikon, FL, USA) and Roche (F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland) sphygmomanometers. 12,17,20,23 Subjects were seated and quiet for at least 5 min before BP measurement.…”

Section: Overview Of Methods Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After contacting three authors to request additional data [11][12][13] and after full text review, the search resulted in 11 eligible articles (Figure 1). [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] The EMBASE and Google Scholar search did not yield additional articles. A cited reference search resulted in one newly identified article.…”

Section: Study Selection and Data Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[14][15][16][17][18]20,22,23,26 Figure 4 shows the (18) 113 (14) 78 (9) 75 ( 123 (19) 81 (9) 78 (13) 26. (20) 123 (25) 77 (13) 66 ( (20) 128 (18) 77 (14) 75 (12) WMD for BMI within the European origin populations.…”

Section: Bmimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex difference in blood pressure among South Asian diaspora in Europe and North America and the role of BMI: a meta-analysis

et al. 2010

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It is unclear whether the sex difference that is known to occur in blood pressure (BP) is similar in some South Asian populations. This study presents a meta-analysis of the sex difference in BP, hypertension and the role of body mass index (BMI) in South Asian diaspora compared with populations of European descent. We systematically searched for studies that reported BP and hypertension among South Asian descent populations living in Europe and North America. Weighted mean differences in BP and risk ratios (RR) for hypertension were calculated for men and women. We included 11 studies in this meta-analysis. In general, men had a higher BP and prevalence of hypertension than women, for example, systolic BP was higher in men than in women among the Indian (7.21 mm Hg, 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.46-9.95) and European populations (6.12 mm Hg, 95% CI: 4.45-7.80). The difference was less in the Pakistani population (4.00 mm Hg, 95% CI: 2.65-5.36). The Bangladeshi population showed a comparatively small sex difference in systolic (2.93 mm Hg, 95% CI: 1.20-4.66) and diastolic BP (0.68 mm Hg, 95% CI: À1.76 to 3.12) and prevalence of hypertension (RR 1.28, 95% CI: 0.66-2.46). Sex differences in BMI for the South Asian populations were greater than those in Europeans. The Indian population had similar sex differences in BP and hypertension compared with Europeans, but Pakistani and Bangladeshi had smaller sex differences. Sex differences in BMI might relate to the blunted sex differences in BP in Pakistani and Bangladeshi populations. Further research should focus on factors that underlie this intriguing sex difference among South Asian populations.

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Section: Discussion Of the Key Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%