Relation of Carbohydrate to Intestinal Synthesis of Biotin and Hatchability in Mature Fowl

Couch, J. R.; Cravens, W. W.; Elvehjem, C. A.; Halpin, J. G.

doi:10.1093/jn/35.1.57

Cited by 67 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…A high biotin intake from the diet reduced its transfer rate to eggs, but more than 50% of ingested biotin was transfered to eggs ( 27 ). In particular, a large amount of biotin accumulated in the yolk, but normal embryonic growth was not observed at a yolk biotin concentration of Ͻ 50 ng/g, and 150 ng/g biotin or more was necessary to maintain normal embryonic growth ( 28 ). These findings suggest that biotin is also indispensable in fowl for the maintenance of their normal reproductive function and embryonic growth and differentiation.…”

Section: Influences Of Biotin Deficiency On Growing Ovarian Folliclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of Biotin in Growing Ovarian Follicles and Embryonic Development in Domestic Fowl

Taniguchi

Watanabe

2007

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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Summary It is well known that biotin deficiency causes morphological anomalies in hatchlings of fowl. An abundance of biotin in the yolk, therefore, is greatly required for maintaining reproductive functions. Although there is growing evidence for the molecular significance of the vitamin in the processes of the reproductive system in mammals, little is known about its use and roles in fowl's yolk. This review focuses on studies on the roles of biotin in the ovarian follicles and embryos of domestic fowl. Recent studies from our laboratory showed an analysis of the mechanism of biotin supply from the maternal body to follicles, or the yolk using the eggs of domestic fowl. In growing ovarian follicles, biotin was incorporated into the follicles, particularly in a large amount immediately before ovulation. Biotin incorporated from the early stage to the growth stage of ovarian follicles was stored in the protein-binding form and became free biotin again immediately before ovulation. This may be because the biotin necessary for the maintenance of embryonic growth and development should be used immediately after fertilization. In embryos, free biotin in the yolk increased shortly after fertilization. A large amount of free biotin was incorporated into the embryo at the age of 3-4 d. Biotin supply to the embryo differed among embryonic growth stages and organs, suggesting involvement in the formation of each tissue and organ. Thus, a large amount of biotin was utilized for embryonic growth, suggesting its important role in normal embryonic growth. These findings show that biotin is an essential nutrient and may play a major role in the normal morphogenesis of embryos in domestic fowl.

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Section: Influences Of Biotin Deficiency On Growing Ovarian Folliclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of Biotin in Growing Ovarian Follicles and Embryonic Development in Domestic Fowl

Taniguchi

Watanabe

2007

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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“…When starch replaces sucrose, there is increased biotin synthesis in the intestinal tract [5,7]. We speculate that fructose is similar to sucrose in the lack of stimulus of microbial biotin synthesis and therefore dietary fructose could increase the biotin supple ment requirement.…”

Section: Biotinmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Additionally, it has been reported that a marked change in intestinal flora, both in type and number, takes place when the carbohydrate component of the diet is changed from sucrose to cornstarch [5,7]. When starch replaces sucrose, there is increased biotin synthesis in the intestinal tract [5,7].…”

Section: Biotinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Requirements for biotin are not affected by the combination of copper deficiency and fructose feeding.

Fields

Lewis²,

Lure³

et al. 1994

Journal of the American College of Nutrition

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“…Couch et al (38,39) produced a biotin deficiency in the egg by feeding hens sucrose or sucrose plus lactose as the carbohydrate source. There was a high incidence of skeletal abnormalities (mi cromelia, syndactyly), perosis, and ataxia.…”

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confidence: 99%

Developmental Physiology

Schechtman¹

1949

Annu. Rev. Physiol.

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The present review is concerned mainly with change-the physi ology of embryonic differentiation-rather than with functions more obviously of an operational nature. The writer is conscious of the difficulties involved in the assumption that embryonic func tions can, -in the first place, be segregated into categories of differ entiation versus operation. However space limitations have com pelled selection, and such topics as mechanics of heart action, trans port of gases, fetal muscular activity, and function of the nervous system have been left for future reviews. Fertilization.-Following up his earlier work on the cytolytic action of lecithinase, Ohman (1) has obtained data which indicate a decrease in the phosphatide content of the surface of the sea urchin egg as a result of fertilization. A decrease in susceptibility to cytolysis occurs shortly after fertilization, followed by a second period of increased susceptibility, and again a third period of de creased susceptibility, this last period coinciding with the time when the egg is preparing for cleavage' . One may only speculate on the possible relation between these findings and the shift in alkaline phosphatase as shown by the Comori method (2). In young oocytes of the sea urchin alkaline phosphatase is concen trated in the nucleolus and nuclear membrane, whereas in the mature egg it occurs in granules of the cortex and after fertilization is quite evenly distributed through the cytoplasm. Monroy & Montalenti (3) have related birefringence or its ab sence in the cortex of the sea urchin egg to the type of cellular shrinkage produced by hypertonic sea water. Uniform shrinkage (spherical plasmolysis) corresponds with the period of cortical birefringence, whereas irregular shrinkage (angular plasmolysis) corresponds with lack of birefringence. The interpretation is that radially oriented micelles characterize the cortex of the unfertilized egg, whereas a disorderly pattern occurs after fertilization. Mon roy (4) suggests that the cortex contains a lipid-protein -complex with the lipids arranged radially. Brooks (5), from a study of the activation of eggs by various redox dyes, finds marked agreement 1 Annu. Rev. Physiol. 1949.11:1-20. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Access provided by University of California -Davis on 02/04/15. For personal use only. Quick links to online content Further ANNUAL REVIEWS 2 SCHECHTMANbetween the rH values of the most effective dyes and of homologous sperm. This supports the suggestion previously made by the au thor that activation depends upon the establishment of appro priate redox potential. Cheney (14), from studies on caffeine inhi bition of oxygen upt�ke in Arbacia, finds that fertilization is inde pendent of a respiratory mechanism required shortly afterward. Barron et al. (132) have shown a similar difference in respiratory mechanism by the use of nitrogen mustards. The "myosin-like" protein obtained by Mirsky (134) from sea urchin eggs was found by Connors & Scheer (6) to be completely lacking in adenosinetriphosph...

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Relation of Carbohydrate to Intestinal Synthesis of Biotin and Hatchability in Mature Fowl

Cited by 67 publications

References 16 publications

Roles of Biotin in Growing Ovarian Follicles and Embryonic Development in Domestic Fowl

Roles of Biotin in Growing Ovarian Follicles and Embryonic Development in Domestic Fowl

Requirements for biotin are not affected by the combination of copper deficiency and fructose feeding.

Developmental Physiology

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