Relation of calcareous soils to pineapple chlorosis

Gile, P. L.

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.37185

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Some years later Johnson (1916) discovered that high manganese rendered soil iron unavailable to pineapple plants and reported that sprays of iron sulphate would cure the problem. Johnson may have discovered the cure independently or he may have read of a similar lime-induced chlorosis problem of pineapple in Puerto Rico that was cured with iron sulphate sprays (Gile, 1911). Hoyt, an HPC employee, developed a mule-drawn sprayer to apply the iron sulphate solution and this ushered in the era of foliar fertilization of pineapple (Larsen and Marks, 2010, p. 150).…”

Section: Rise Of the Commercial Hawaiian Pineapple Industry-20th Centurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hawaii Pineapple: The Rise and Fall of an Industry

Bartholomew¹,

Hawkins²,

Lopez³

2012

horts

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The date pineapple (Ananas comosus var. comosus) was introduced to Hawaii is not known, but its presence was first recorded in 1813. When American missionaries first arrived in Hawaii in 1820, pineapple was found growing wild and in gardens and small plots. The pineapple canning industry began in Baltimore in the mid-1860s and used fruit imported from the Caribbean. The export-based Hawaii pineapple industry was developed by an entrepreneurial group of California migrants who arrived in Hawaii in 1898 and the well-connected James D. Dole who arrived in 1899. The first profitable lot of canned pineapples was produced by Dole’s Hawaiian Pineapple Company in 1903 and the industry grew rapidly from there. Difficulties encountered in production and processing as the industry grew included low yields resulting from severe iron chlorosis and the use of low plant populations, mealybug wilt that devastated whole fields, inadequate machinery that limited cannery capacity, and lack of or poorly developed markets for the industry’s canned fruit. The major production problems were solved by public- and industry-funded research and innovation in the field and in the cannery. An industry association and industry-funded cooperative marketing efforts, initially led by James Dole, helped to expand the market for canned pineapple. Industry innovations were many and included: selection of ‘Smooth Cayenne’ pineapple as the most productive cultivar with the best quality fruit for canning; identification of the cause of manganese-induced iron chlorosis and its control with biweekly iron sulphate sprays; the use of mulch paper and the mechanization of its application, which increased yields by more than 20 t·ha−1; and the invention of the Ginaca peeler–corer machine, which greatly sped cannery throughput. Nematodes were also a serious problem for the industry, which resulted in the discovery and development of nematicides in the 1930s. As a result, by 1930 Hawaii led the world in the production of canned pineapple and had the world’s largest canneries. Production and sale of canned pineapple fell sharply during the world depression that began in 1929. However, the formation of an industry cartel to control output and marketing of canned pineapple, aggressive industry-funded marketing programs, and rapid growth in the volume of canned juice after 1933 restored industry profitability. Although the industry supported the world’s largest pineapple breeding program from 1914 until 1986, no cultivars emerged that replaced ‘Smooth Cayenne’ for canning. The lack of success was attributed in part to the superiority of ‘Smooth Cayenne’ in the field and the cannery, but also to the difficulty in producing defect-free progeny from crosses between highly heterozygous parents that were self-incompatible. Production of canned pineapple peaked in 1957, but the stage was set for the decline of the Hawaii industry when Del Monte, one of Hawaii’s largest canners, established the Philippine Packing Corporation (PPC) in the Philippines in the 1930s. The expansion of the PPC after World War II, followed by the establishment of plantations and canneries by Castle and Cooke’s Dole division in the Philippines in 1964 and in Thailand in 1972, sped the decline. The decline occurred mainly because foreign-based canneries had labor costs approximately one-tenth those in Hawaii. As the Hawaii canneries closed, the industry gradually shifted to the production of fresh pineapples. During that transition, the pineapple breeding program of the Pineapple Research Institute of Hawaii produced the MD-2 pineapple cultivar, now the world’s pre-eminent fresh fruit cultivar. However, the first and major beneficiary of that cultivar was Costa Rica where Del Monte had established a fresh fruit plantation in the late 1970s. Dole Food Co. and Maui Gold Pineapple Co. continue to produce fresh pineapples in Hawaii, mostly for the local market. All of the canneries eventually closed, the last one on Maui in 2007.

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Section: Rise Of the Commercial Hawaiian Pineapple Industry-20th Centurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hawaii Pineapple: The Rise and Fall of an Industry

Bartholomew¹,

Hawkins²,

Lopez³

2012

horts

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Pineapple chlorosis has also been known in Puerto Rico from early times, as shown in works done by Gile (25) since 1911, and by Henricksen (31,32) in 1925. Similarly, pineapple chlorosis was also known in Hawaii as shown in the experiments of Kelly (50, 51, 52, 53) from 1909 to 1914, also of Wilcox andKelly (85) in 1912, and of Johnson (45,46,47,48,49) in 19.16-1924. This yellowing is a source of considerable loss.…”

Section: I-introduction *mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Johnson (45) in 1916, however, traced the pineapple chlorosis as due to manganese toxicity with a condition of low or no iron absorption, and found that spraying with iron sulphate solution counteracted' the effect of high manganese present in the soil. On the other hand, Gile (25) found that this spraying of plants had to be repeated so often that it was not economically practicable.…”

Section: B Researches On Nutrition Of Pineapple Plants As Related Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

Título en español.

Ramírez-Silva¹

1946

JAUPR

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Pineapple plants were grown in nutrient solutions from uniform and healthy slips used as the propagating organ. The solutions were prepared with a mixture of macronutrient elements containing ammonia and nitrate nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, and sulfur. The solutions proved to be good for the growth of pineapples. Fourteen different treatments of the micronutriont elements: iron, manganese, boron, zinc, copper and aluminum, were used in triplicate. Combinations of these elements were made in order to trace their effect, either toxic or beneficial, on pineapple plant growth and production, on root growth, on flowering and fruiting, and on the quality of the fruit. The antidoting effect of iron against the chlorosis-producing action of manganese was also studied. Plants also were grown without adding micron atrient elements to the nutrient solution.

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“…Calcium-induce d chlorosis of spinach was corrected by• external application of manganese, according to Gilbert and McLean (5). In other instances, external treatments of iron have corrected calcium-induce d chlorosis of pineapple (4).…”

Section: Experimenta L Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Stimulating Effect of External Applications of Copper and Manganese on Certain Chlorotic Plants of the Florida Everglades Soils¹

Bryan¹

1929

Agronomy Journal

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Relation of calcareous soils to pineapple chlorosis

Cited by 7 publications

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Hawaii Pineapple: The Rise and Fall of an Industry

Hawaii Pineapple: The Rise and Fall of an Industry

Título en español.

The Stimulating Effect of External Applications of Copper and Manganese on Certain Chlorotic Plants of the Florida Everglades Soils¹

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Relation of calcareous soils to pineapple chlorosis

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Hawaii Pineapple: The Rise and Fall of an Industry

Hawaii Pineapple: The Rise and Fall of an Industry

Título en español.

The Stimulating Effect of External Applications of Copper and Manganese on Certain Chlorotic Plants of the Florida Everglades Soils1

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The Stimulating Effect of External Applications of Copper and Manganese on Certain Chlorotic Plants of the Florida Everglades Soils¹