Relation of Birth Weight to Fasting Insulin, Insulin Resistance, and Body Size in Adolescence

Murtaugh, Maureen A.; Jacobs, David R.; Moran, Antoinette; Steinberger, Julia; Sinaiko, Alan R.

doi:10.2337/diacare.26.1.187

Cited by 81 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…insulin resistance (21). Birth weight was strongly related to maternal weight gain in accordance with results of other studies of both normal-weight and obese women (3,22).…”

Section: Statistical Analysessupporting

confidence: 90%

Gestational Weight Gain and Pregnancy Outcomes in 481 Obese Glucose-Tolerant Women

et al. 2005

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OBJECTIVE -To investigate the effect of gestational weight gain in obese glucose-tolerant women.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -We performed a historical cohort study of 481 women with prepregnancy BMI Ն30 kg/m 2 and a normal 2-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) during the third trimester (according to World Health Organization criteria). Data on OGTT results and clinical outcomes were collected from medical records. Four groups were defined according to weight gain: group 1, Ͻ5.0 kg (n ϭ 93); group 2, 5.0 -9.9 kg (n ϭ 134); group 3, 10.0 -14.9 kg (n ϭ 132); and group 4, Ն15.0 kg (n ϭ 122).RESULTS -Birth weight increased significantly with increasing weight gain (mean grams Ϯ SD): group 1, 3,456 Ϯ 620; group 2, 3,624 Ϯ 675; group 3, 3,757 Ϯ 582; and group 4, 3,784 Ϯ 597 (P Ͻ 0.001). The birth weight in group 1 was similar to that of the background population of primarily normal-weight women (3,478 g). In multivariate analyses, increasing weight gain was associated with significantly higher rates of hypertension (OR 4.8 [95% CI for group 4 vs. group 1: 1.7-13.1]), cesarean section (3.5 [1.6 -7.8]), induction of labor (3.7 [1.7-8.0]), and large-for-gestational-age infants (4.7 [2.0 -11.0]). There was no difference in rates of small-forgestational-age infants. Significant predictors for birth weight (determined by multiple linear regression) were gestational weight gain, 2-h OGTT result, pregestational BMI, maternal age, gestational age, and smoking.CONCLUSIONS -Increasing weight gain in obese women is associated with increasing pregnancy complications. Our data suggest that minimal gestational weight gain might normalize birth weight. Prospective studies should be performed to clarify the safety of recommending limited gestational weight gain. Diabetes Care 28:2118 -2122, 2005O verweight and obesity are related to a number of severe health problems, and their prevalence is increasing globally (1). Several studies have shown that maternal factors such as prepregnancy BMI, weight gain during pregnancy, and various degrees of glucose intolerance are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes (2-12).Management of obesity during pregnancy includes recommendations of appropriate weight gain. In 1990, the American Institute of Medicine recommended weight gain of 6.8 -11.5 kg (15-25 lb) for women with high BMI (26.0 -29.0 kg/m 2 ) and a minimum weight gain of 6.8 kg (15 lb) in obese women (BMI Ն29 kg/m 2 ) (13). Subsequently, a maximum limit of 11.5 kg (25 lb) has been suggested for obese (BMI Ն29 kg/m 2 ) (3) and morbidly obese (BMI Ն35 kg/m 2 ) (6) women. Reduced gestational weight gain has been reported to increase the risk of infants that are small for gestational age (SGA) and preterm delivery (14,15), whereas excessive weight gain seems to increase the risk for other complications, predominantly macrosomia (3,6,12). The pattern of gestational weight gain depends on maternal pregestational BMI, and obese women tend to gain less weight than normal-and underweight women (3,9,16). Conclusions therefore might be rest...

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“…insulin resistance (21). Birth weight was strongly related to maternal weight gain in accordance with results of other studies of both normal-weight and obese women (3,22).…”

Section: Statistical Analysessupporting

confidence: 90%

Gestational Weight Gain and Pregnancy Outcomes in 481 Obese Glucose-Tolerant Women

et al. 2005

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“…Subsequently, several investigations reported that low birth weight followed by excessive weight gain in childhood led to insulin resistance and hypertension in adults (7)(8)(9). The relationship between low birth weight and increased risk of insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes mellitus has also been reported in children (10,11). We also reported a negative correlation between birth weight and systolic blood pressure in children aged 3 years (12).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Lower Birth Weight Associated with Current Overweight Status Is Related with the Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Japanese Children

et al. 2007

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between lower birth weight and current overweight status and to examine the involvement of these factors in the development of the metabolic syndrome (MS) in obese Japanese children. We examined 97 obese boys (mean age 11.3 years; mean percentage overweight [POW] 52.4%) and 29 obese girls (mean age 11.1 years; mean POW 58.3%). The anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, fasting serum insulin and blood glucose, liver enzymes, lipids and lipoproteins were measured. Birth weight and gestational weeks were also recorded. The subjects were divided into either an MS group or a Non-MS group using criteria proposed for Japanese children. We compared the weight parameters (birth weight, current weight and current weight-to-birth weight ratio [WBWR]) between the two groups and analyzed the relationships between the weight parameters and metabolic derangements.There were no significant differences in age or anthropometric measurements between the two groups.However, birth weight in the MS group was lower than that in the Non-MS group, while WBWR of the MS group was higher than that in the Non-MS group. Blood pressure and serum insulin correlated positively with WBWR. These findings suggested that lower birth weight with current overweight status was associated with the MS in obese Japanese children. We were unable to clarify whether subjects with lower birth weight who achieved proper weight gains had the same risk as subjects with appropriate birth weight. However, they should be assisted to grow adequately to prevent future metabolic derangements. (Hypertens Res 2007; 30: 627-634)

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“…Several studies have reported an inverse association between BW and abdominal or truncal adiposity in children and adults (5,(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). However, other studies have shown a U-shape relation between BW and abdominal adiposity (8,17,19). These inconsistencies may be partly explained by the variety of methods used to assess abdominal adiposity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Association between birth weight and visceral fat in adults

Rolfe¹,

Loos²,

Druet³

et al. 2010

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background: Several studies reported inverse associations between birth weight and central adiposity in adults. However, few studies investigated the contributions of different abdominal fat compartments. Objective: We examined associations between birth weight and adult visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat in the populationbased Fenland study. Design: A total of 1092 adults (437 men and 655 women) aged 30-55 y had available data on reported birth weight, standard anthropometric measures, and visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat estimated by ultrasound. In a subgroup (n = 766), dual-energy Xray absorptiometry assessment of total abdominal fat was performed. Linear regression models were used to analyze relations between birth weight and the various fat variables adjusted for sex, age, education, smoking, and body mass index (BMI). Results: After adjustment for adult BMI, there was an inverse association between birth weight and total abdominal fat [B (partial regression coefficient expressed as SD/1-kg change in birth weight) = 20.09, P = 0.002] and visceral fat (B = 20.07, P = 0.01) but not between birth weight and subcutaneous abdominal fat (B = 20.01, P = 0.3). Tests for interaction showed that adult BMI modified the association between birth weight and visceral fat (P for interaction = 0.01). In stratified analysis, the association between birth weight and visceral fat was apparent only in individuals with the highest BMI tertile (B = 20.08, P = 0.04). Conclusions: The inverse association between birth weight and adult abdominal fat appeared to be specific to visceral fat. However, associations with birth weight were apparent only after adjustment for adult BMI. Therefore, we suggest that rapid postnatal weight gain, rather than birth weight alone, leads to increased visceral fat.Am J Clin Nutr 2010;92:347-52.

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Relation of Birth Weight to Fasting Insulin, Insulin Resistance, and Body Size in Adolescence

Cited by 81 publications

References 27 publications

Gestational Weight Gain and Pregnancy Outcomes in 481 Obese Glucose-Tolerant Women

Gestational Weight Gain and Pregnancy Outcomes in 481 Obese Glucose-Tolerant Women

Lower Birth Weight Associated with Current Overweight Status Is Related with the Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Japanese Children

Association between birth weight and visceral fat in adults

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