Relation Helicobacter pylori with Pathogenesis of Stomach and Immune Responses

Abstract

Background: Helicobacter pylori, a member of Epsilonproteobacteria, is a Gram-negative microaerophilic bacterium that colonizes gastric mucosa of about 50% of the human population. Although most infections caused by H. pylori are asymptomatic, the microorganism is strongly associated with serious diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, duodenal ulcer, and gastric cancer, and it is classified as a group I carcinogen. The prevalence of H. pylori infections varies worldwide. prevalence among middle-aged adults is over 80 percent in many developing countries, as compared with 20 to 50 percent in industrialized countries. The infection is acquired by oral ingestion of the bacterium and is mainly transmitted within families in early childhood, Humans can also become infected with Helicobacter heilmannii, a spiral bacterium found in dogs, cats, pigs, and nonhuman primates. 
 Conclusion: H. pylori infection stimulates the reaction of autoantibodies with gastric epithelial cells, and this leads to gastritis. These autoantibodies can be directly induced to epithelial cells by activating complement, inducing apoptosis or provoking an antibody-dependent cytotoxic reaction resulting in subsequent tissue destruction.

Parasitological and Hematological Study of Children Infected with Intestinal Parasites in Baquba City

“…These alterations in serum level of Zn were more significant with G. lamblia infection than with other parasitic infections. Our results were in agreement with Al-Mousawi & NEAMAH, 2021 [30]. This could be explained by the antagonistic effect of Zn and Zn deficiency in the patient with parasitic infection.…”

“…The decomposition of the blood sample also affects the result of the analysis, so the results vary from one region to another, as well as between different studies while 207 patients infected with G. lamblia, E. histolytica, and harmful bacteria were evaluated in a study done by Obaid, 2014 [22] in Al Haweeja/Kirkuk, Iraq, there was no impact of the amoeba parasite on blood [30]. They recorded significant increase of MCV, MCH, MCHC, Hb, and HCT in children patients more than in control.…”