in ¶ These authors contributed equally to this work.
AbstractSpices and herbs are key dietary ingredients used across cultures worldwide. Beyond their use as flavoring and coloring agents, the popularity of these aromatic plant products in culinary preparations has been attributed to their antimicrobial properties. Last few decades have witnessed an exponential growth of biomedical literature investigating the impact of spices and herbs on health, presenting an opportunity to mine for patterns from empirical evidence. Systematic investigation of empirical evidence to enumerate the health consequences of culinary herbs and spices can provide valuable insights into their therapeutic utility. We implemented a text mining protocol to assess the health impact of spices by assimilating, both, their positive and negative effects. We conclude that spices show broad-spectrum benevolence across a range of disease categories in contrast to negative effects that are comparatively narrow-spectrum. We also implement a strategy for disease-specific culinary recommendations of spices based on their therapeutic tradeoff against adverse effects. Further by integrating spice-phytochemical-disease associations, we identify bioactive spice phytochemicals potentially involved in their therapeutic effects. Our study provides a systems perspective on health effects of culinary spices and herbs with applications for dietary recommendations as well as identification of phytochemicals potentially involved in underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Author SummarySpices and herbs are among the important ingredients in culinary preparations whose evolutionary utility is debatable. While their proximate function could be largely due to their flavor, the ultimate reason for their widespread incorporation in traditional recipes is hitherto not well understood. We implemented a computational framework for integrating spice-disease associations compiled from biomedical literature and evidence linking spice phytochemicals with diseases. By mining these tripartite data we highlight broad-spectrum therapeutic effects of spices to provide informed culinary recommendations against disease categories and seek for their potential molecular mechanisms. Through data-driven investigations, our study thus provides evidence-based applications of spices from culinary as well as medicinal perspectives.