Relation between transcardiac gradient of VEGF and coronary flow response in humans

Myocardial Production of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 is Associated with Coronary Endothelial and Ventricular Dysfunction after Acute Myocardial Infarction

“…Statistical significance was defined as p 0.05. Analyses were performed using STATA version 10.0 (Stata Corp, College StaCoronary blood flow (mL/min) was estimated from the coronary blood flow velocity and luminal diameters, as described previously 19,20) . Responses of the coronary blood flow to infusions of ACh and SNP were expressed as percentage changes from baseline values taken immediately before each infusion.…”

“…Blood sampling from the anterior interventricular vein (AIV), the aortic root (AO), and an antecubital vein (peripheral vein; PV) was also performed at the cardiac catheterizations before systemic heparinization, as described in our previous reports [19][20][21] . In addition, coronary angiography and left ventriculography were repeated twice, 2 weeks and 6 months after AMI.…”

“…After blood sampling, quantitative coronary angiography was performed in all patients as described in our previous reports 19,20) . After baseline angiography, ACh (10 and 50 µg/min) were infused directly into the left coronary artery through the Judkins catheter.…”

“…Blood flow velocity was measured using a 0.014-inch wire equipped with a Doppler crystal at its tip (Flo Wire, Volcano, San Diego, USA). The wire was positioned carefully in a segment of LAD 5 -15 mm from the distal edge of the stent 19,20) .…”

“…We measured the concentrations of PAI-1 activity and total tPA antigen in plasma collected from the aortic root (AO) and anterior interventricular vein (AIV) in patients with AMI due to occlusion of a proximal segment of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) [19][20][21] . We calculated the AIV -AO gradients of the plasma concentrations of PAI-1 activity and tPA antigen, reflecting their release from the region of myocardium supplied by LAD.…”