Relation between synthesis conditions, dopant position and charge carriers in aluminium-doped ZnO nanoparticles

Kelchtermans, Anke; Elen, Ken; Schellens, Kevin; Conings, Bert; Damm, Hanne; Boyen, Hans‐Gerd; D’Haen, Jan; Adriaensens, Peter; Hardy, An; Bael, Marlies K. Van

doi:10.1039/c3ra41847b

Cited by 37 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(111 reference statements)

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“…Independent from the hydration ratio the initially inserted aluminum concentration of 2 at.% could be found within the limits of the standard deviation (Table 1). Al-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 27 Al-NMR) the distribution of the aluminum atoms in the host lattice of ZnO can be depicted and characterized [23,24,25,26,27,28]. Related to the crystallographic composition of the wurtzite-structured zinc oxide, different lattice sites can be occupied by the dopant.…”

Section: Incorporation Of Aluminum In Zno and Electrical Properties Omentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Al 3+ ions can either substitute Zn 2+ ions in a tetrahedral coordination with four oxygen atoms (Al4 sub ) or situate on interstitial lattice sites and can be tetrahedrally (Al4 int ) or octahedrally (Al6 int ) coordinated by four or six oxygen atoms as e.g. Kelchtermans et al [26] describe. Beneath these positions, Al 3+ ions can be pentahedral coordinated [23,27], whereas this coordination generally can not be dedicated as a convenient position in the lattice of the ZnO but is known from 27 Al-NMR investigations of different aluminium oxide structures and were often found at the surface of the solids bound to different organic molecules [29,30,31].…”

Section: Incorporation Of Aluminum In Zno and Electrical Properties Omentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polyol synthesized aluminum doped zinc oxide nanoparticles - influence of the hydration ratio on crystal growth, dopant incorporation and electrical properties

Straube

Linders

Mayer‐Gall

et al. 2017

Materials Today: Proceedings

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The wet chemical deposition of solution processed transparent conducting oxides (TCO) provides an alternative low cost and economical deposition technique to realize large-areas of conducting films. Since the price for the most common TCO Indium Tin Oxide rises enormously, Aluminum Zinc Oxide (AZO) as alternative TCO reaches more and more interest. The optoelectronical properties of nanoparticle coatings strongly depend beneath the porosity of the coating on the shape and size of the used particles. By using bigger or rod-shaped particles it is possible to minimize the amount of grain boundaries resulting in an improvement of the electrical properties, whereas particles bigger than 100 nm should not be used if highly transparent coatings are necessary as these big particles scatter the visible light and lower the transmittance of the coatings. In this work we present a simple method to synthesize AZO particles with different shape and size, but comparable electronical properties. We use a simple, well reproducible polyol method for synthesis and influence the shape and size of the particles by adding different amounts of water to the precursor solution. We can show that the addition of aluminum as dopant strongly hinders the crystal growth but the addition of water counteracts this, so that both, spherical and rod-shaped particles can be obtained.

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Section: Incorporation Of Aluminum In Zno and Electrical Properties Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Incorporation Of Aluminum In Zno and Electrical Properties Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyol synthesized aluminum doped zinc oxide nanoparticles - influence of the hydration ratio on crystal growth, dopant incorporation and electrical properties

Straube

Linders

Mayer‐Gall

et al. 2017

Materials Today: Proceedings

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“…Conventional solvothermal synthesis under otherwise similar reaction conditions leads to wurtzite‐type ZnO:Al nanorods due to anisotropic crystal growth along the c‐axis. [ 41,42 ] The impact of reaction time and temperature on crystal growth is rather low as a result of the strong binding affinity between solvent and nanocrystals. Despite the variable coating quality, primary particle sizes of V1, V3 and V4 (3, 9 and 30 minutes reaction time, respectively) range in a comparably small window between 15 and 25 nm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A microwave‐based one‐pot process for homogeneous surface coating: improved electrochemical performance of Li(Ni_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3)O₂ with a nano‐scaled ZnO:Al layer

et al. 2020

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In this article, a versatile process based on microwave‐assisted sol–gel synthesis is introduced in order to apply a surface coating on cathode material for lithium‐ion batteries. Here, a nano‐scaled ZnO:Al (AZO) layer is coated homogeneously onto Li(Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3)O2 (NMC111) powder at temperatures below 210°C within a few minutes. In contrast to other wet‐chemical coating techniques, the method described here is conducted in a one‐pot reaction and does not require a post‐annealing step at elevated temperatures. Investigations via high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and inductively‐coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP‐OES) promote a thorough understanding of coating microstructure and quality in dependence of reaction temperature, duration and precursor concentration. The AZO protective coating on NMC111 significantly reduces capacity fading during cycling in the voltage range of 3.0‐4.5 V. Furthermore, applying optimal quantities of the coating agent on NMC111 lead to enhanced specific capacities compared to the uncoated material.

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“…All plasma-synthesized AZO particles had nearly spherical shapes ( Figure 14 a), unlike those synthesized by different methods, which ranged from polyhedrals [ 73 ], nanorods [ 74 ], hexagonal rods [ 75 ] and nanowires [ 76 ]. Figure 14 b shows the EDS spectrum for AZO1 synthesized at 10 kW.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Aluminum-doped Zinc Oxide (Azo) Nanopowdersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Synthesis of Advanced Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Applications as Transparent Conducting Oxide Thin Films

Sohn

Murali

2021

Molecules

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This article reviews and summarizes work recently performed in this laboratory on the synthesis of advanced transparent conducting oxide nanopowders by the use of plasma. The nanopowders thus synthesized include indium tin oxide (ITO), zinc oxide (ZnO) and tin-doped zinc oxide (TZO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), and indium-doped zinc oxide (IZO). These oxides have excellent transparent conducting properties, among other useful characteristics. ZnO and TZO also has photocatalytic properties. The synthesis of these materials started with the selection of the suitable precursors, which were injected into a non-transferred thermal plasma and vaporized followed by vapor-phase reactions to form nanosized oxide particles. The products were analyzed by the use of various advanced instrumental analysis techniques, and their useful properties were tested by different appropriate methods. The thermal plasma process showed a considerable potential as an efficient technique for synthesizing oxide nanopowders. This process is also suitable for large scale production of nano-sized powders owing to the availability of high temperatures for volatilizing reactants rapidly, followed by vapor phase reactions and rapid quenching to yield nano-sized powder.

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Relation between synthesis conditions, dopant position and charge carriers in aluminium-doped ZnO nanoparticles

Cited by 37 publications

References 56 publications

Polyol synthesized aluminum doped zinc oxide nanoparticles - influence of the hydration ratio on crystal growth, dopant incorporation and electrical properties

Polyol synthesized aluminum doped zinc oxide nanoparticles - influence of the hydration ratio on crystal growth, dopant incorporation and electrical properties

A microwave‐based one‐pot process for homogeneous surface coating: improved electrochemical performance of Li(Ni_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3)O₂ with a nano‐scaled ZnO:Al layer

Plasma Synthesis of Advanced Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Applications as Transparent Conducting Oxide Thin Films

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Relation between synthesis conditions, dopant position and charge carriers in aluminium-doped ZnO nanoparticles

Cited by 37 publications

References 56 publications

Polyol synthesized aluminum doped zinc oxide nanoparticles - influence of the hydration ratio on crystal growth, dopant incorporation and electrical properties

Polyol synthesized aluminum doped zinc oxide nanoparticles - influence of the hydration ratio on crystal growth, dopant incorporation and electrical properties

A microwave‐based one‐pot process for homogeneous surface coating: improved electrochemical performance of Li(Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3)O2 with a nano‐scaled ZnO:Al layer

Plasma Synthesis of Advanced Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Applications as Transparent Conducting Oxide Thin Films

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A microwave‐based one‐pot process for homogeneous surface coating: improved electrochemical performance of Li(Ni_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3)O₂ with a nano‐scaled ZnO:Al layer