Relation between Sodium Intake and Blood Pressure during Sleep in Young Men.

Abstract

In the past, cross-sectional studies of small groups have not always shown a significant relation between habitual sodium intake and blood pressure (BP). This study examined the relation between 24-h urinary sodium excretion (Salt24, g/day) and BP during sleep in young subjects. The subjects were 132 medical students (93 males, 39 females) aged 21 to 26 years, with no renal disorder. Urine was collected for 24 h, and sodium (Na), chloride (Cl), and creatinine ( and estimated their sodium intake by 24-h urine-sampling for 1 week. On the final urine-sampling day, we measured their BP for 24 h, and then made a detailed analysis of the correlation between 24-h urinary sodium excretion (Salt24) and 24-h BP. Methods SubjectsWe interviewed 142 volunteers who were medical students (99 males and 43 females) and traced their past medical history and family medical history. We excluded subjects with renal or cardiac disease. Subjects with a family history of hypertension (in parents or grandparents) were classified as familial hypertension-positive. Resting mean casual BP by the auscultatory method was as follows: male systolic blood

Salt sensitivity and circadian rhythm of blood pressure: the keys to connect CKD with cardiovasucular events

“…The importance of kidneys in the genesis of circadian BP rhythm is consistent with reports that the circadian rhythm of BP is normalized from non-dipper to dipper after kidney transplantation, 55 and also by salt intake restriction and diuretics. 33,34,[56][57][58] In most non-dippers with essential hypertension, CKD, diabetes mellitus or primary aldosteronism, renal functional reserve is impaired. [28][29][30] In rare cases, a non-dipper pattern is caused by something other than kidney function (Table 1), such as sleep apnea syndrome, stroke or working a day-night shift, which disturbs sleeping rhythm.…”

Event-Related Brain Potentials in Elderly Dippers and Nondippers with Recently Diagnosed Hypertension

“…Clinic measurements of BP were made, after a 2 week period on a normal sodium diet (10 g of NaCl per day) (14,15), according to WHO Guidelines (13). Compliance with the prescribed sodium intake was assessed by 24-h urinary sodium excretion.…”

Sodium Intake and Cardiac Sympatho-Vagal Balance in Young Men with High Blood Pressure

“…A similar study conducted on female students failed to reveal a clear connection between sodium intake and BP as shown in male students (11), and female subjects were excluded in the present study.…”

“…We have reported a significant correlation between sleep-BP and 24-h urinary sodium excretion (Salt24) in young men (11). However, some of the subjects did not have high BP, even though their sodium intake was excessive.…”

“…Since sodium intake is greater in physically large people, we divided Salt24 by Cr24 (g/day) (11) and expressed the results as a natural logarithm (ln[Salt24/Cr24]). We used natural logarithms because of the nonlinearity (S-curve relation) observed between BP and sodium intake (11,18).…”