“…The main parameters of Johnson-Cook strength model for tungsten alloy and homogeneous armor steel (Verreault, 2015;Couque et al, 2007;Luo et al, 2016;Song and Ning, 2011;) are shown in Table 2. The fragments have obvious statistical characteristics of probability, because the fragments are random when the projectile is broken, but the structure and material of the projectile are uniform and the material properties are unique in numerical simulation.…”
In order to study the critical ricochet velocity and critical penetration velocity of tungsten alloy rod obliquely penetrating a finite-thickness metal plate, experiment and numerical calculation of tungsten alloy rod impacting on homogeneous armor steel plate with a thickness of 30mm at an angle of 60° were carried out. Compared the experimental and numerical results with the results using models, it is found that, the results of the ricochet models proposed by Tate, Rosenberg and Steven B for semi-infinite thick plate are quite different from those of experiment and numerical calculation, so they can not be applied to the ricochet situation of finite-thickness plate. The critical penetration velocity model proposed by De Marre and Zhao are in good agreement with the numerical and experimental results, which can predict critical penetration velocity of tungsten alloy rod obliquely penetrating a finite-thickness metal plate with large impact angle. The penetration depth of the projectile under the critical ricochet velocity is about 1/3 of the thickness of the target plate, and the angle between the ejection trajectory of the fragments produced by projectile and target plate and projectile penetration trajectory is exactly 90° in the first penetration stage.
“…The main parameters of Johnson-Cook strength model for tungsten alloy and homogeneous armor steel (Verreault, 2015;Couque et al, 2007;Luo et al, 2016;Song and Ning, 2011;) are shown in Table 2. The fragments have obvious statistical characteristics of probability, because the fragments are random when the projectile is broken, but the structure and material of the projectile are uniform and the material properties are unique in numerical simulation.…”
In order to study the critical ricochet velocity and critical penetration velocity of tungsten alloy rod obliquely penetrating a finite-thickness metal plate, experiment and numerical calculation of tungsten alloy rod impacting on homogeneous armor steel plate with a thickness of 30mm at an angle of 60° were carried out. Compared the experimental and numerical results with the results using models, it is found that, the results of the ricochet models proposed by Tate, Rosenberg and Steven B for semi-infinite thick plate are quite different from those of experiment and numerical calculation, so they can not be applied to the ricochet situation of finite-thickness plate. The critical penetration velocity model proposed by De Marre and Zhao are in good agreement with the numerical and experimental results, which can predict critical penetration velocity of tungsten alloy rod obliquely penetrating a finite-thickness metal plate with large impact angle. The penetration depth of the projectile under the critical ricochet velocity is about 1/3 of the thickness of the target plate, and the angle between the ejection trajectory of the fragments produced by projectile and target plate and projectile penetration trajectory is exactly 90° in the first penetration stage.
“…Previous researchers have used sabots to deliver the projectile rod to the target [3][4][5][6][7][8]. However, a sabot that only contains the rear section of a rod [9] will need to hold the rod firmly.…”
Abstract.A novel spring tensioned wire cradle arrangement has been developed to hold the target rod lightly but firmly in place when performing rod-on-rod (symmetric Taylor) impact in a vacuum. In addition, a soft capture system has been designed and used to decelerate both rods while reducing the chance of them colliding a second time. High-speed photography was used to obtain the profile of a pure aluminium target rod as a function of time. Photon Doppler Velocimetry (PDV) was also deployed to record the velocity of the rear of the target rod as a function of time. Voiding in the interior of recovered rods was investigated non-destructively using X-ray tomography. The data provides comprehensive validation information for predictive constitutive models.
“…However, strength and elongation of WHAs are deteriorated very rapidly when tested over 650 ∘ C. The strength properties result in an embrittlement behavior with decreasing the temperature. The dynamic compression failure study indicates that shear band formation (ASB) is a failure mechanism for WHAs [51][52][53]. The microstructure evaluation of ASB formation is mainly based on the dynamic deformation process and the initial temperature [54][55][56].…”
Tungsten heavy alloys (WHAs) belong to a group of two-phase composites, based on W-Ni-Cu and W-Ni-Fe alloys. Due to their combinations of high density, strength, and ductility, WHAs are used as radiation shields, vibration dampers, kinetic energy penetrators and heavy-duty electrical contacts. This paper presents recent progresses in processing, microstructure, and mechanical properties of WHAs. Various processing techniques for the fabrication of WHAs such as conventional powder metallurgy (PM), advent of powder injection molding (PIM), high-energy ball milling (MA), microwave sintering (MW), and spark-plasma sintering (SPS) are reviewed for alloys. This review reveals that key factors affecting the performance of WHAs are the microstructural factors such as tungsten and matrix composition, chemistry, shape, size and distributions of tungsten particles in matrix, and interface-bonding strength between the tungsten particle and matrix in addition to processing factors. SPS approach has a better performance than those of others, followed by extrusion process. Moreover, deformation behaviors of WHA penetrator and depleted uranium (DU) Ti alloy impacting at normal incidence both rigid and thick mild steel target are studied and modelled as elastic thermoviscoplastic. Height of the mushroomed region is smaller forα=0.3and it forms sooner in each penetrator as compared to that forα=0.2.
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