Relation between physical activity and energy expenditure in a representative sample of young children

Montgomery, Colette; Reilly, John J.; Jackson, Diana; Kelly, Louise A.; Slater, Christine; Paton, James Y.; Grant, S.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/80.3.591

Cited by 130 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Sedentary behaviour can influence energy balance independent of energy expended on activity for example through snacking on energy dense foods or high-sugar drinks while sedentary. 22 Saris et al 23 also argue that physical activity and energy expenditure should be treated as different constructs and that the energy cost of physical activity undertaken by obese participants may be different to their nonobese counterparts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity patterns in nonobese and obese children assessed using minute-by-minute accelerometry

et al. 2005

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OBJECTIVE:To determine the levels and patterns of physical activity in a sample of obese (Z99th percentile body mass index (BMI)) and nonobese (o99th percentile BMI) children. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Children were recruited from schools in Bristol and from the childhood obesity clinic, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children. Children were instructed in the use of the accelerometer either while at school or in the clinic, and wore the instrument while carrying out their normal daily activities for 7 days. PARTICIPANTS: A total of133 children (mean age 10.570.8 y). In all 11 (16.9%) of the 65 girls and 14 (20.6%) of the 68 boys were classified as obese (above the 99th percentile for BMI and corresponding to projected adult BMI of 30). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Objectively measured physical activity volume, intensity and pattern. RESULTS: Obese children were significantly less physically active overall than their nonobese counterparts (31 844713 200 vs 41 844710 430 counts/h; 95% confidence interval 4407 to 15592; P ¼ 0.001). Similarly the obese children spent less time in physical activity of moderate or greater intensity than the nonobese children (9.973.9 vs 12.974.2 min/h; 95% confidence interval 1.15 to 4.80; P ¼ 0.002). Hourly patterns of activity indicated a tendency in obese children to be less active than nonobese children at times when activity was more likely to be determined by free choice, particularly outside of school time. CONCLUSIONS: Obese children demonstrated patterns of physical activity that may have contributed to and are likely to sustain their obesity. Minute-by-minute accelerometry is a valuable tool to investigate physical activity patterns in obese children. It can identify periods when intervention to increase activity may be most appropriate and provide an evidence base for specific exercise prescription in primary and secondary care.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity patterns in nonobese and obese children assessed using minute-by-minute accelerometry

et al. 2005

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“…32 The lack of a sex difference in our findings also tends to rule out activity as an explanation, as girls are less active than boys. 33 Research into the origins of child obesity is currently focused on foetal growth and birth weight, 34 and early postnatal growth, 35 where rapid growth is associated with later obesity. Among several possible mechanisms for this association, appetite control is receiving specific attention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body mass index has risen more steeply in tall than in short 3-year olds: serial cross-sectional surveys 1988–2003

et al. 2006

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Objective: To monitor the changing relationship between body mass index (BMI) and height in young children. Design: Annual cross-sectional surveys using health-visitor-collected routine data 1988-2003. Setting: Wirral, England. Participants: Fifty thousand four hundred and fifty-five children (49% female) each measured once at the age of 3 years. Main outcome measures: Weight, height and derived BMI (weight/height 2 ) adjusted for age and sex (British 1990 revised reference) using standard deviation scores. Results: From 1988 to 2003, mean BMI increased by 0.7 kg/m 2 , whereas mean height fell by 0.5 cm. Over the same period, the weight-height correlation rose from 0.59 to 0.71 (Po0.0001) owing to BMI increasing faster in the taller than the shorter children. Among the shortest 10% of children, mean BMI rose by 0.12 (95% confidence interval: À0.05-0.28) kg/m 2 as against 1.38 (1.19-1.56) kg/m 2 among the tallest 10%, a 12-fold difference. Adjustment for age, sex, seasonality, birth-weight and deprivation did not alter the findings. Conclusions: Among 3-year-old children in Wirral, where BMI has been rising for 16 years, the largest increase in BMI has occurred in the tallest children, whereas in the shortest BMI has hardly changed. Tall stature has, therefore, become important for child obesity. It suggests a drive to increasing adiposity in young children that involves both growth and appetite, with fast growing and hungrier children now more exposed to the 'obesogenic' environment.

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“…Increased time spent on sedentary activities and decreased time spent on physical activities has been linked with lower levels of energy expenditure [1,2], overweight, obesity [3,4], and increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases [5]. Physical inactivity is the fourth-leading risk factor for global mortality, accounting 6% of the death [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Relative to Body Mass Index among School Children in Saudi Arabia

Alhusaini¹

2017

Pediatr Ther

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Background: Increased time spent on sedentary activities and decreased time spent on physical activities has been linked with lower levels of energy expenditure, overweight, obesity, and increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. During the past few years, rapid improvements in living standards, mechanization and urbanization has a profound impact in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia resulting in low levels of physical activity and sedentary living. Therefore the purpose of the research is to provide basic data of subjectively measured physical activity and sedentary behavior of the Saudi school children in relation with BMI.

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Relation between physical activity and energy expenditure in a representative sample of young children

Abstract: In this sample and setting, PAL was not influenced by engagement in MVPA but was influenced by time spent sedentary and in light-intensity activities. This study suggests that in young children, MVPA could make only a minor contribution to free-living TEE and PAL.

Cited by 130 publications

References 29 publications

Physical activity patterns in nonobese and obese children assessed using minute-by-minute accelerometry

Physical activity patterns in nonobese and obese children assessed using minute-by-minute accelerometry

Body mass index has risen more steeply in tall than in short 3-year olds: serial cross-sectional surveys 1988–2003

Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Relative to Body Mass Index among School Children in Saudi Arabia

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