Relation Between Phyllotaxis and Primary Vascular Organization in Linum

Girolami, Guido

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1953.tb06531.x

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…The same relationship between contact parastichies and generative spiral also held true for vegetative structures, namely the arrangement of needle fascicles on branches (not shown). The only other explicit statement of this relationship was for flax, Linum usitatissimum (Girolami 1953).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Spiral phyllotaxis of needle fascicles on branches and scales on cones in Pinus contorta var. latifolia: Are they influenced by wood-grain spiral?

Fredeen¹,

Horning²,

Madill³

2002

Can. J. Bot.

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Neither the relationship between the chirality of spiral phyllotaxis and spiral wood grain nor the cause or ontogeny of such a relationship has been examined previously. To this end, chirality of the spiral in phyllotaxis of needle fascicles and cone scales were contrasted with wood-grain spiral in seedlings, young, and mature trees of Rocky Mountain lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) in central British Columbia. To assess chirality of phyllotaxis, the relationship between numbers of contact parastichies and chirality of phyllotaxis in scales on cones and needle fascicles on branchlets was determined. Three or 8 clockwise acropetal contact parastichies were indicative of a clockwise generative spiral, while totals of 2, 5, or 13 clockwise acropetal parastichies were indicative of a counter-clockwise generative spiral. Lodgepole pine trees were nearly always chimeric, i.e., having clockwise and counter-clockwise phyllotaxis on the same individual, but there was a high overall correspondence between the chirality of phyllotaxis in cone scales and subtending needle fascicles. Seedlings (<1.5 years old) had no measurable wood-grain angle and clockwise and counter-clockwise phyllotaxis occurred in equal proportions. However, young trees (13-15 years since planting) had a pronounced clockwise bias to their wood-grain spiral in contrast with a counter-clockwise bias in phyllotaxis. In contrast, mature trees (≥100 years old) had the reverse trend and exhibited a counter-clockwise bias in wood-grain spiral but a clockwise bias in phyllotaxis. A model is proposed to explain how chirality of spiral wood grain could generate an inverse bias in the chirality of phyllotaxis in lodgepole pine.Résumé : Jusqu'ici, on a jamais examiné la relation entre la chiralité de la spirale phyllotaxique et celle de la spirale du grain du bois, et encore moins la cause ou l'ontogénèse de ces relations. A cette fin, les auteurs ont comparé la chiralité de la spirale phyllotaxique des faisceaux foliaires et les écailles des cônes, avec la spirale des grains du bois chez des plantules, chez de jeunes arbres et chez des arbres adultes du pin lodgepole des Montagnes Rocheuses (Pinus contorta var. latifolia), au centre de la Colombie-Britannique. Pour évaluer la chiralité de la phyllotaxie, les auteurs ont déterminé la relation entre le nombre de parastiches contactées et la chiralité de la phyllotaxie des écailles des cônes et des faisceaux foliaires sur des rameaux. La présence de 3 ou 8 parastiches contactées dans le sens des aiguilles de la montre en direction acropète indique une spirale générative dans le sens des aiguilles de la montre, alors que des totaux de 2, 5 ou 13 parastiches acropètes indiquent une spirale générative dans le sens contraire des aiguilles de la montre. Les tiges du pin lodgepole sont presque toujours chimériques, à savoir qu'elles possèdent à la fois des phyllotaxies dans le sens et contre le sens des aiguilles de la montre sur le même individu, mais on retrouve généralement une fort...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Spiral phyllotaxis of needle fascicles on branches and scales on cones in Pinus contorta var. latifolia: Are they influenced by wood-grain spiral?

Fredeen¹,

Horning²,

Madill³

2002

Can. J. Bot.

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“…In addition, the changes in the structure and composition of the cell wall caused by the expansin activity (Fleming et al 1997;Reinhardt et al 1998;Pien et al 2001;Cho and Cosgrove 2000) or/and the enzymatic modification of pectin (Peaucelle et al 2008) may have an impact on the distribution and development of the lateral organs. Moreover, many data suggest that the vascular system can participate in the control of the organogenesis (Girolami 1953;Larson 1975Larson , 1977Reinhardt et al 2000;Avsian-Kretchmer et al 2002;Banasiak and Zagórska-Marek 2006), possibly as the long-distance transport system for morphogenetically active substances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Putative dual pathway of auxin transport in organogenesis of Arabidopsis

Banasiak

2010

Planta

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In Arabidopsis, damage to the superficial acropetal polar auxin transport (PAT) inhibits generative but not vegetative organ initiation. In order to verify whether in a vegetative phase auxin can be transported to the meristem in a different way, the research on wild-type and plants with defective PAT was performed. Distance from the differentiated vascular elements to the shoot apical meristem (SAM) was measured for Arabidopsis cultured in different experimental systems. The influence of this distance on the ability to induce organogenesis as well as transport of the fluorescent dye to the SAM, and the LEAFY gene expression were analyzed. The youngest protoxylem elements were used as a marker of the vascular tissues. The distance of protoxylem to the SAM and organogenesis were interrelated. Organ initiation occurred only when protoxylem was localized near to the SAM. Experimental elongation of internodes in a vegetative rosette caused an increase in the distance between protoxylem and the SAM organogenic zone. Thus, the inhibition of organ initiation took place already during the vegetative phase. The results suggest the presence of at least two pathways of acropetal transport of auxin inducing organogenesis: one superficial way through PAT, and the second, putative one, internal through the vascular system. Possibly, organogenesis is completely blocked only when both these pathways are dysfunctional.

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“…These two views of leaf arrangement can be harmonized by considering the vascular connections between leaves. The primary vascular system of seed plants can be interpreted in terms of leaf traces and sympodial bundles (Beck et al, 1982;Philipson & Balfour, 1963;Esau, 1965), which generally connect leaves arranged along orthostichies (Crafts, 1943;Esau, 1943;Girolami, 1953;Skipworth, 1962;Sterling, 1954). However, when the sympodial bundles are followed upwards to the apical region it is found that they connect leaves along steep helices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the relationship between phyllotaxy and vasculature: a synthesis

Kirchoff

1984

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

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There is a definite relationship between the phyllotactic fraction and the sympodia uniting median leaf traces in a stem. The denominator of the phyllotactic fraction is the number of sympodia in the stem, and the numerator is the number of sympodia counted in passing from the sympodium of one leaf to that of an adjacent leaf on the genetic helix. This relationship holds for species with closed as well as open vascular systems. Of the 100 shoots (93 species) whose vasculature has been reviewed from the literature only one shows no apparent relationship between the phyllotactic fraction and the vasculature. Shoots for 87 species show the relationship described above while shoots of five species have both irregular phyllotaxis and vasculature. The mathematical constraints on this relationship are shown to depend on the divergence angle and the fact that sympodia do not cross one another. That there are biological controls on this relationship in addition to the purely mathematical ones is shown by the fact that sympodial connections are almost universally made along orthostichies. These controls most likely operate on factors that influence the formation of orthostichies such as the relationship between leaf‐shape and size of the apical dome.

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Relation Between Phyllotaxis and Primary Vascular Organization in Linum

Cited by 23 publications

References 17 publications

Spiral phyllotaxis of needle fascicles on branches and scales on cones in Pinus contorta var. latifolia: Are they influenced by wood-grain spiral?

Spiral phyllotaxis of needle fascicles on branches and scales on cones in Pinus contorta var. latifolia: Are they influenced by wood-grain spiral?

Putative dual pathway of auxin transport in organogenesis of Arabidopsis

On the relationship between phyllotaxy and vasculature: a synthesis

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